Physical & Chemical Properties

Physical and Chemical Properties Pre Lab Questions: (4pts. ) 1. What are the learning goals of this experiment? The goals are to investigate the chemical properties of pure chemical substance and to investigate the physical properties of pure substances. 2. Write two examples each of physical and chemical properties. Physical –Color, Odor, hardness, density, melting point, boiling point Chemical- heat of combustion, reactivity, ph, 3. What happens if you heat a solution of chemicals in test tube facing towards you?How would you avoid inhalation of chemical vapor during heating in a test tube? It could splat on face and burn you. The best way to avoid inhaling vapor is to either where a mast or don’t breathe directly in the vapors while the substances is burning. 4. How would you take care of itching eyelids or body parts caused by the contamination of 6M HCl? Wash your eyes with cold water immediately and if get any worse call 911. Date:______10/28/12___________________ _ Name:____Daniel Asonye _____________________ . Title: Physical and Chemical Properties 2. Procedure: (3pts. ) 1. The first thing that must be done is to half fill one well of 24-well plate with 6M HCL and half filled a second well of the 24-well plate with 6M NaOH. 2 – The second thing to do is to place 4 smalls’ test tubes into wells of the 24 well plate. Than place a small amounts of the substances into the tube that needs to be tested in each of the four micro test tube. 3 In the first tube, watch and record color and odorThe next thing lights the burner and grab the test tube with the holder. Next heat the sample by slowly moving it just above the flame. Watch the effect of the substance by the heat. Allow cooling before storing. 4 For the second tube 1. Add enough cold water at least ? about the sample and stir with the rod and watch what happens. Light the burner and grasp the test tube with the holder and heat the sample by slowly moving the tube about the fla me. Use the ? cm of red and blue litmus paper.Allow the solution to cool and stir with the rod and transfer a drop of the solution onto a piece of litmus paper. 5 For the third tube Just add a few pipet drops of HCL to the sample and stir. 6. Fourth test tube- just add a few piped drops of NaOH to the sample. Stir and record 7. Clean up all four test tube and repeat steps 2 through 6. 3. Data Collection: Fill up the table as shown in procedure (12pts. ) |Color |Odor |Effect of heat |Cold H2O |Hot H2O |Litmus Test |Dilute HCL |DiluteNaOH | |Mg |silver |nc | |– |— |– |– |– | |Cu |gold |nc |Dissolves quickly |Dissolves slowly |Slighty cloudy |Blue-white color appears Red -none |– |– | |Zn |silver |none |– |– |– |– |Starts boiling |— | |Mgo |white |none |– |— |– |— |— |White precipate forms | |CuCO3 |gray |gas-like smell |Started dissolving |Starts looking slightly clou dy |Becomes a little darker |Blue formed some white color while red didnt |Boiling, white precipitate increase |Neutralize the solution and is a lot clear | |Cu (NO)3 |blue |Gas-like smell |Started dissolving and boiling |A lighter blue is formed |Becomes a little darker |Blue-formed some redish color while red had no change |Ultraviolent color is formed on the top of the solution |A large substrate has been formed between the two colors. Violent on top and blue on bottom | |NaCl |White |none |Started to dissolved |A tad cloudy |Becomes a little darker |No reaction |No reaction |No reaction | | 4. Attach your picture showing your work on step 4d. The picture should also show the results as appears in the experiment. [pic] [pic] [pic] [pic] 5. Result: Write the results of your litmus paper test (2pts. ) The cooper formed a white precipitate. The CuCo3 blue formed some white color while red didn’t.The Cu(NO)3 blue-formed some reddish color while red did not. NaCl had no reactio n. ________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________ 6. Questions: Answer the questions briefly as shown in page 110 (3pts. ) A. Yes I did. I saw heat of combustion in about every chemical I test today. B. The evidence I saw was mainly copper. It had the highest reactivity out of any substance I used. C. Reactivity of any substance with cooper and heat combustion of substrates. D. Physical, physical, physical, and chemical E. physical, chemical, physical, physical , physical , chemical F. I would re heat the solution to give me a physical change.

Paper Ratio and Financial Statement Analysis Essay

Executive Summary In corporate finance, both ratio and financial statement analysis are important tools that can be used in order to assess a company’s strength financially. They can be used in order to forecast a business’ prospective cash flow and ability to grow in the future, as well as a company’s strengths and weaknesses. Income statements, balance sheets, the statement of retained earnings, and the statement of cash flows are the four primary types of financial statements used in corporate finance. All of these financial statements serve to analyze a firm’s cash flows from different perspectives and are all interrelated. Ratio analysis, another important tool in financial analysis, analyzes the probability that a firm will be profitable or not. The different kinds of ratios used are liquidity ratios, efficiency ratios, leverage ratios, profitability ratios, and market-value indicators, with each type including various different specific ratios that one can calculate when examining a firm’s operability. Both the financial statements and ratio analysis offer an analysis of a firm’s finances at a particular point in time, while also forecasting its financial stability in the future. Another advantage is that they allow a firm’s finance team to compare its finances to that of other similar companies, known as benchmarks, in order to value the strength of their firm in the marketplace. However, financial statements and ratio analysis can also lack in their accuracy since financial analysis is often based on historical figures from the past several years and thus only offer the prospective financial future rather than concrete data since often a firm’s finances are based on the ever-changing marketplace or other factors not in control of the firm’s managers, such as economic conditions. Despite such disadvantages, financial statements and ratio analysis is a very important aspect in the corporate environment and essential to examining a firm’s viability. Overview In business, financial statements are important tools, which allow a firm to clearly state its financials in terms of figures, such as revenues, expenses, net incomes, etc. and analyze strengths and shortcomings of the firm. This allows the firm’s managers to clearly see what is and is not working for the firm. Ratio analysis is used when identifying and analyzing multiple variables in the firm’s operations, such as inventory, accounts receivable, net sales, etc. When completing financial statement and ratio analysis, it is beneficial for the firm to examine its financial figures over several previous consecutive years, so that any and all patterns in its operability can be observed and analyzed. Such patterns can reveal aspects of the company where efficiency is not at its finest and thus there is a financial loss. As a result, the company can implement changes in order to improve upon these shortcomings and increase its profits. Ratio analysis is both a qualitative and quantitative way of looking at the data in order to analyze how a company functions and ways to improve it by looking at present and previous functioning and forecasting the future of the company. Both financial statement and ratio analysis can provide insight into the success or failures of specific product lines, allowing managers to make intelligent decisions regarding what their firm should offer in the future to consumers. Financial statement analysis is also a way to assess and validate a company’s viability in the marketplace to outside investors/creditors. Financial statements assist managers in understanding how profitable their firm is. It is often used to make comparisons of one firm to another or of a specific time period to another time period for the same firm. The main aspects of a financial statement are revenues, expenses, and net income. Revenues are sales numbers that come from products or services a firm creates through its business operations (Parrino, 2011). For a firm, such as Microsoft, its revenue would come from products such as the computers, phones, tablets, and software it sells to consumers. On the other hand, for a consulting firm, such as Accenture, revenues would stem from the fees it charges for its consulting services contracts with various government agencies around the world. Both companies are providing a product to a consumer, one simply happens to be a tangible product that people buy, while the other is a service product that agencies need for their functionality. Expenses are the costs a firm incurs while generating its revenues (Parrino, 2011). For Microsoft, expenses would stem from the costs of building its products, marketing them, developing new products, shipping them around the world, etc. For Accenture, expenses would stem from the cost of all of its consultants, which includes their wages, insurance, company laptops it provides to each of them, travel costs for sending consultants around the world on projects, etc. Again both types of firms exhibit expenses; some of them are just different. Net income shows the company’s revenue relative to its expenses. If revenues exceeds expenses then the company has a net profit and is â€Å"in the black† for that time period (Parrino, 2011). On the other hand, if expenses exceed revenues then the company has a net loss and is â€Å"in the red† for that time period (Parrino, 2011). By looking at financial statements from one fiscal period to the next or annually, managers can observe how their firm is progressing. If the numbers show that the firm is not operating at an optimal level or there is a sudden decline in profit, managers can delve further into the firm’s operations using ratio analysis to look for problem areas and address them accordingly. For instance, ratio analysis can allow analysts to view the rate turnover of a specific product line and examine whether something is lacking in that product line that is hindering the firm’s ability to get rid of that inventory to consumers. Such ratio analysis will be elaborated upon later in this paper. There are four types of financial statements; income statements, balance sheets, the statement of retained earnings, and the statement of cash flows, which are all vital and interrelated. The income statement calculates the firm’s net income or its earnings after expenses have been deducted and is used to calculate retained earnings at the end of the year (Parrino, 2011). Net income is calculated as followed: Net Income = Revenues – Expenses The balance sheet summarizes what assets the firm has at a specific point in time, as well as how the firm has financed such assets (Parrino, 2011). Total assets is calculated as followed: Total Assets = Total Liabilities + Total Stockholders’ Equity The value of assets will change annually since firms often buy and sell assets, thus altering the firm’s value and financing. Such changes are indicated in the  statement of cash flows, which gives a summary of changes in the firm’s balance sheet from the beginning of a period to the end (Parrino, 2011). The statement of retained earnings summarizes changes in the retained earnings in a simpler manner for managers than the statement of cash flows and basically shows the firm’s expenses and loss from one period to the next (Parrino, 2011). These financial statements can provide a lot of information to managers regarding the operations of the company. If Microsoft sees a decrease in its net income or total assets from one year to the next, this can indicate many things. A decrease in net income can indicate maybe some products are not selling as well as they have in the past, meaning Microsoft may need to change its marketing strategy or release a new product. A decrease in total assets can mean several things. Perhaps the company’s products are of less value than before or perhaps they have fewer liabilities. Deciding what specifically financial statements mean for the future of a firm often requires more in depth analysis through ratio analysis. Ratio analysis is the use of financial figures to analyze a firm’s overall operability and evaluate its strengths and weaknesses (Parrino, 2011). It can be used from various perspectives including stockholders, managers, and creditors, in order to evaluate the profitability of a firm. Specifically, a financial ratio is a â€Å"number from a financial statement that has been scaled by dividing by another financial number† in order to show something about the company’s operations (Parrino, 2011). There are several types of financial ratios; liquidity ratios, efficiency ratios, leverage ratios, profitability ratios, and market-value indicators. Liquidity ratios focus on whether â€Å"a firm has the ability to convert current assets into cash quickly without loss of value† (Parrino, 2011). Two liquidity ratios are as followed: Current Ratio = Current Assets / Current Liabilities Quick Ratio = (Current Assets – Inventory) / Current Liabilities Liquidity ratios indicate a firm’s ability to pay short-term obligations, such as interest payments for debt. This is very important because every firm has creditors, whether its investors, banks, or even tax collectors and even the most profitable company can go under if it is unable to pay all of its obligations for any reason. Efficiency ratios measure â€Å"how efficiently a firm uses its assets† and include the following: Inventory Turnover = Cost of Goods Sold / Inventory Days Sales in Inventory = 365 Days / Inventory Turnover Accounts Receivable Turnover = Net Sales / Accounts Receivable Days Sales Outstanding = 365 Days / Accounts Receivable Turnover Total Asset Turnover = Net Sales / Total Assets Fixed Asset Turnover = Net Sales / Net Fixed Assets Efficiency ratios are a useful tool in financial analysis because they can examine and identify inefficient use of any kind of asset. For instance, in our case of a decrease net income for Microsoft, financial analysts can look at the inventory turnover for each of its products and analyze whether one is too low indicating that the rate at which they are selling that specific product line is not efficient compared to the cost of producing that product line. Based on this managers can decide whether they should decrease the amount of inventory they produce or cut the product line all together. Leverage ratios are used to examine a firm’s financing or ability to meet long-term financial obligations. Leverage ratios are as followed: Total Debt Ratio = Total Debt / Total Assets Debt-to-Equity Ratio = Total Debt / Total Equity Equity Multiplier = Total Assets / Total Equity Leverage ratios are important because every firm uses debt or equity and often both for its financing, but the more debt a firm uses, the greater the risk it will default on those debt payments. So, for instance, the total debt ratio can tell you how much debt a firm uses in its capital structure and thus how volatile its earnings are (Parrino, 2011). Profitability ratios â€Å"measure management’s ability to efficiently use the firm’s assets to generate sales and manage the firm’s operations† (Parrino, 2011) and include the following: Gross Profit Margin = (Net Sales – Cost of Goods Sold) / Net Sales Operating Profit Margin = EBIT / Net Sales Net Profit Margin = Net Income / Net Sales Return on Assets(ROA) = Net Income / Total Assets EBIT ROA = EBIT / Total Assets Return on Equity(ROE) = Net Income / Total Equity Profitability ratios are important because they indicate a company’s ability to be profitable relative to its expenses. Market-value indicators predict the future of a firm’s finances using market value trends and financial statements. They include: Earnings Per Share(EPS) = Net Income / Shares Outstanding Price-Earnings Ratio(P/E) = Price Per Share / Earnings Per Share Market-to-Book Ratio = Market Value of Equity Per Share / Book Value of Equity per share Market-value indicators are important because they can assist in predicting the future for a firm. Whether the firm will be profitable using its current strategy or should it maybe switch to a different strategy to keep up with competing companies. All of these financial ratios are crucial to financial analysis in corporations and used very often by analysts, managers, creditors, stockholders, etc. Advantages and Disadvantages of Ratio Analysis Ratio analysis has several benefits. First, it offers various methods of analyzing a company’s financial wellbeing, going beyond just the financial statements by looking at specific aspects of operations. This can indicate strengths and shortcomings that managers should be aware of. Improvements can be made in order to increase profitability as a result. For instance, if a Microsoft notices that one product line has a higher days sales in inventory than another, this indicates that the specific product stays on the shelf longer and perhaps the firm should focus more on the product line with the lower days sales in inventory as it sells better. Secondly, ratio analysis can assist in predicting earnings or showing a pattern, which managers can use to find the best way to maintain financial profitability. While financial statements provide numbers such as revenues or expenses, ratio analysis can offer a concrete number describing revenues relative to the cost of the goods sold, such as with the gross profit margin. Such a ratio can indicate how profitable a firm’s operations were in a specific  period of time and if very profitable a concrete method of recreating such success. Essentially, ratio analysis simplifies the information provided in financial statements by compartmentalizing them to show patters and trends, which are very useful. Thirdly, ratio analysis can also be used in order to compare the firm’s operations to that of its competitors. Often, how well a company is doing depends on the market and how well other companies are doing, so ratio analysis provides a very useful tool to companies in making such comparisons. There are some disadvantages to ratio analysis. Predictions based on ratio analysis can be inaccurate from time to time. This is because ratio analysis is mostly based on historical data from previous time periods, which only offers so much information about the future. Yes, analysts can predict that the market will behave a certain way through market value indicators, but such predictions are only so accurate. The market can be affected by a variety of aspects, such as volatile economic conditions or even a natural disaster. For example following Hurricane Katrina, at â€Å"the end of the first week following†¦U.S. commercial crude oil inventories fell by 6.4 million barrels from the previous week,† indicating a strong market effect on petroleum due to the disaster (â€Å"Hurricane Katrina’s impact,† 2011). Businesses cannot control environmental disasters or economic conditions, which is why while ratio analysis is a very useful tool, it cannot always be relied on 100%. The use of market-value indicators is increasingly used in order to better forecast the future of a firm as it takes into account the economic climate at a specific point in time in order to predict the trend of future financial entities (Niazi, 2011) but again sometimes something like a natural disaster can negatively affect business. This is why having a high operating income and total assets is important to be prepared for such events. While not a perfect model as random economic turbulence can skew results, market-value indicators do still provide some insight into the future. Furthermore, when using ratio analysis to compare to another similar benchmark firm, there can also be pitfalls. Often it is impossible to find a company similar enough in size, corporate structure, and operations to properly compare to and gauge a market comparison. Thus, often ratio analysis when benchmarking can provide a skewed impression of where the firm stands against its competitors in the market. Financial statement and ratio analysis are very useful in corporate finance that provide much information to analysts, managers, stockholders, and creditors about the financial state of a firm. While there are some shortcomings to ratio analysis, its advantages in practice surely outweigh its disadvantages and offer valuable tools to cultivate a thriving company. References Hurricane Katrina’s impact on the U.S. oil and natural gas markets. (2011, September 12). Retrieved from http://www.eia.gov/oog/special/eia1_katrina_091205.html Niazi, G. S. K., Hunjra, A. I., Rashid , M., Akbar, S. W., & Akhtar, M. N. (2011). Practices of working capital policy and performance assessment financial ratios and their relationship with organization performance. World Applied Sciences Journal, 12(11), 1967-1973. Parino, R., Kidwell, D. S. & Bates, T. W. (2012). Fundamentals of Corporate Finance: Second edition. John Wiley & Sons; Hoboken, NJ.

Creating Climates for Learning for Diverse Learners Essay

In the case of Pon, it makes sense that his behavior and learning problems do stem from the fact that he is different from his peers. In his age group, it is usually the case that being different results to being discriminated against (Rogers, 2004). Rather than forcing the child to â€Å"fit in† with his classmates, it would be more appropriate to channel his differences to positive learning experiences. Activities that promote the showcasing of individual differences such as â€Å"show and tell†, or â€Å"talent shows† may be incorporated to allow the class to express their ideas and make each other see how different they are from one another. In discovering their differences, each member of the class would realize that being different is not such a bad thing. These activities would make Pon feel more confident about his unique identity and make his classmates appreciate him more. Once his classmates are able to see that Pon also has talents that he can share with the class, there will be a greater possibility that his peers would interact with him. In the case of Araceli, her limited English speaking skills can truly be a source of personal frustration and depression. In order to combat these dangers, her teachers should provide opportunities for her to appreciate her speaking abilities in Spanish. This can be done by asking her to join speech competitions in Spanish. While her language teachers should remind her about the importance of learning English, they should also applaud her for her fluency in Spanish and inform her that Spanish itself is a major language. In both cases, it is important that teachers do not make the mistake of affirming student differences as negative traits. Teachers should help students celebrate their individual differences in order to build their self-esteem and make them more comfortable with the learning environment. Reference Rogers, J. (2004). Pedagogy: A Multicultural approach 3rd Edition. NY:

Ethical aspect in management Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Ethical aspect in management - Assignment Example Managers are struggling nowadays to improve the skills of individuals in order to meet the market expectations. As people from all around the world are in contact to do business, therefore unawareness to culture and norms of one another results in unethical practices and values occur in the business environment which results in decrease of trust and eventually huge losses are born by the organizations due to misunderstandings, thus managers have started to make sure that unethical values and practices are not occurring in their organization by using the methods and techniques of management under the light of theories and functions of management. To ensure the standard of ethics in an organization managers have to work hard to set the rules and they have to communicate the code of ethics to each and every employee so that everyone gets the information about the ethical standard which is required to be maintained in the organization. Managers also spend their time to monitor the busine ss carried out in the organization so that employees should develop the sense that they are not at their own to do whatever they want. It is suggested that simply caring for the utility and rights of others and justice while dealing in a business environment ensures that ethical values are being practiced in the organization. (b) Introduction: Management is the ability which is instinctively present in humans however some people are better managers than others because of certain factors which help them polish their ability more than others. Management means different things to different people (Haimann, 1974) but when this term is used in an environment related to business it refers to a process. What is Management' Defining Management The process of planning, decision-making, leading and controlling the available resources of an organization such as man-power, finance, machines and information in order to achieve the organizational goals in the best possible way is called management. Good management results in completion of projects using the resources wisely and in a cost effective manner in accordance with making right decisions and implementing them successfully (Portny, 2007). Management in Modern World Due to its importance in every organization and business environment, management has emerged as an important subject area which is widely studied and practiced all over the world. With the gigantic increase in the population of the world, productivity has emerged as a serious problem in the business organizations because the demand for the product has suddenly increased and despite of having capital and demand of product in the market, organizations are not able to increase their production due to lack of skilled labor (Malhotra, 1997). Therefore, the managers have started to think and search for methods and techniques to fulfill the customer's demand by using the existing labor. Management on this outline is the modern management and in this era managers struggle to improve the performance of the employees individually which in turn results in the improvement in the production of the organization. Management is a complex process because managers have to keep eye on various aspects at the same time therefore

Article Review of Goodbye to the Age of Newspapers by Paul Starr Essay

Article Review of Goodbye to the Age of Newspapers by Paul Starr - Essay Example The main source of revenue for the newspaper companies in advertising has been greatly invaded by the internet which offers cheaper and more flexible mode of information distribution. Subsequently newspapers have slowly been wiped out through staff and company buy outs that have been associated with the low revenue and the numerous debts. He cites a variety of companies that have fallen victim of this movement alongside the recent financial crisis that worsened the problem. He also goes on to interrogate the reason as to why this a great concern for the community and the society in general. The newspaper companies are a source of income for the thousands of professional journalists, editors and writers who are since falling to the unemployed category after massive layoffs to maintain the profitability of the companies. The newspaper venture continues to receive a great challenge from the advancement in technology and this has made it quite unbearable an intolerable for the newspaper companies. The newspaper has been known to provide originality in the coverage of public affairs as opposed to the violence, crime and traffic tie-ups that have often dominated the internet and television broadcasts. This reduction in the content of reporting allows room for the defilement of the democratic spirit in the country since the newspaper have a great role in ensuring that this does not happen through public reporting. Social vices such as corruption begin to appe ar in the society and mostly the government which is kept on check by aggressive public reporting. This therefore has adverse implications on the health of the country’s democracy and the future of public politics. The influx of technology and specifically the internet was meant to amplify the cornucopia of information due to its flexibility. This has however occurred at the expense of the value of reported

The Future of the Coastguard Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

The Future of the Coastguard - Essay Example Apart from that, its function as a search and rescue service and as an environmental monitoring and protection one, cannot be underestimated or undervalued. The coast guard is essential in the life of any coastal or island country and its importance is expected to increase. While there are hardly any who are not aware of the presence, aims and objectives of all of the army, the navy and the air force, only a handful of people have a similar awareness of the coastguard. Although some countries, such as the United States, Canada and Japan, define the coast guard as a division of the national military, its importance is generally underestimated (LaGuardia-Kotite and Ridge, 2006). Popular understanding of the coast guard is that it acts as a vessel and life rescue service and, in some instances, to monitor fishing across the national coastlines and waters. This understanding barely touches upon the duties, responsibilities, aims and objectives of both civilian and military coast guard services, nor does it even hint at the fact that the coast guard, in the first and last, is primarily responsible for coastal and port security. In other words, the responsibilities and functions of the coast guard directly tie in with national security (LaGuardia-Kotite and Ridge, 2006). This research paper, which shall highlight the multiple functions of the coast guard s... n, shall, hopefully, illustrate that insofar as coastal countries are concerned, the coast guard plays an invaluable and vital role; a role which directly contributes to increased national security. Historical Background The Coast Guard first emerged in the early nineteenth century and in direct response to an ever growing need to protect coastal areas from smugglers, not to mention rescue services for vessels and fleets in distress (LaGuardia-Kotite and Ridge, 2006). While there is, currently, hardly a coastal country which does not have a coast guard service, tracing its history in the United Kingdom is particularly informative, not just because the first coast guard service emerged in that country but because both civilian and military division of the UK coast guard functioned, and to a degree continues to function, as the model for the same in coastal nations across the world (Thoreaux, 2006). Prior to expanding upon the genesis of the coastguard and over viewing its historical evolution in Britain, it is interesting to point out that the United States Coastguard strenuously maintains that the historical roots of this service lie in the United States (Beard, 2004). According to this argument, the outbreak of conflict between the United States and Britain regarding the colonisation of North America, is directly responsible for the evolution of the coastguard. In 1740, with the outbreak of the aforementioned war, military commanders realised the imperatives of stationing men along strategic coastal areas for "look-out" duties (Beard, 2004, p. 78). These men were supposed to keep watch over the impending arrival of enemy vessels and to warn the army (Beard, 2004). Insofar as the function of these men was the protection of coastal areas against the possible

Customer Service Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Customer Service - Case Study Example it is determined what they need and how will they use it/need it. Through a customer verbatim, there process flow is determined and the verbatim is translated into designer language. In the end, management tools like affinity data or tree diagrams are used to sort out data, organize key issues and prioritize ideas. †¢ Foster trusted relationships with customers and stakeholders across the business To foster trusted relationships in the organization, the company follows the simple rule of transparency. Annual statements are issued regularly, dividends paid out and stakeholders taken into confidence before any key decisions. †¢ Deliver service in line with specific standards All service providers are given the standards that they need to cater to while delivering service. Performances are then assessed through : 1. Six monthly self-audits which are done by service providers 2. Monitoring and Evaluations conducted by another department. . †¢ Provide stakeholders with acce ss to feedback mechanisms and product/service information = Self-audit reports and other documentations are reviewed by the Program staff and the service providers are given timely feedback. Issues are discussed and solutions are developed to improve the quality of the service. †¢ Report on actual performance as compared to service standards 1. Six monthly self-audits which are done by service providers 2. ... Customer could either want to avail one of the ads present in the magazine by placing a call / would want to place the ad in the magazine (as its an advertising agency). If the customer wants to place an ad our the magazine he will call the company/ visit it. He will expect to know the size of the ad and the respective rates. He will also expect to know how the designing of the ad would be done and what would be the target market. Our client service representatives would look after the queries the customer will put before them and ensure that they are satisfied. Customer will then pay for the ad that he wants to publish in the magazine, he will send the details of the ad either through mail or write it then and there on the paper. He will expect the CSR to completely understand the details of the ad and have it published the way he wants to publish it. The details of the ad are then passed on to the design by the CSR. The designer makes the ad and then checks with the customer if he is fine with it. Any improvements he wants to be made in the ad are made and the ad is published in the next most recent edition of the magazine. Task 4: a. Describe a situation in the past when you have not been able to perform a service as quickly as you needed/ would have been liked. b. Explain the reason for the delay, and how you communicated it to the customer. c. Outline how the problem was addressed to offer a suitable solution. In the past, due to strikes and power break downs in my city, I could not cope up with the deadlines before the magazine publishing date. The magazines are circulated once a month and all ads have to be appropriately placed before the publishing date. The clients were immediately informed

The prospective for the US to base solar business organization to Term Paper

The prospective for the US to base solar business organization to significantly enter the Indian market - Term Paper Example Identifying this particular need, various companies around the world are focusing on developing products of new technology from alternative sources of energy. This has automatically led to the generation of evolution of hybrid automobiles, increased usage of wind and solar power in terms of developing products and machineries, etc. Talking in terms of new technology, it can be said that for the purpose of fulfillment of electricity needs of various products of commercial and domestic categories, the solar energy is often preferred because of unlimited supply and constant availability and very little harmful impact on the environment. Because of the high costs of availing new alternative forms of technology, the market for solar product is tremendously large. Because of the large amount of the entire Indian population who are staying in the remotely located towns and villages of India, there is a huge demand for solar technology based products in the developing and emerging market eco nomies like India for the purpose of providing sustainable energy and lighting solutions in multiple domestic rural households (Bhave & Chatterjee, â€Å"Solar power on every rooftop†). SunGlo Corporation can focus on the process of fulfilling the energy and lighting requirements of this emerging market by its widely diversified product portfolio which comprises of both domestic and commercial focused product offerings. For this purpose, the paper evaluates the market of India from the points of political, economical, physical, social factors as well as the various risks and potential barriers and threats that can possibly arise in the Indian market. Mission Statement The vision and mission statements of a company highlights the company’s long term and short terms goals over the span of next two, five and even 10 years. It has to be mentioned that the vision of the company talks about the company’s targets for the longer period while the mission talks about smal l milestones and targets that the company needs to achieve in terms of attaining its long term vision. The vision statement of the company is to focus on producing solar technology products which has high standards of quality and thereby meeting the global demand for products of solar technology. The mission statement of the company is to cater to the solar technology products demands of the upcoming and emerging market of the new economies, thereby focusing on the process of the need fulfillment of the new markets. The mission of the company includes the point of investing in the setting up of a production plant in an emerging economy like India, China etc and thereby developing high quality solar products of global standards which will help the company to cater to the needs of the developed and other developing economies of the Asian region and other parts of the world. Introduction Overview The world of the 21st century, much like that of the past is moving at a rapid pace with a smooth and sustainable rate of overall developments happening in various parts of the worl

MGMT 4440 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

MGMT 4440 - Essay Example Performance management provides much value to the organization. It helps ensure the goals are met on a timely basis, that people are cooperative with one another and management, and also ensures higher quality outputs. Once performance standards have been established, it can strengthen relationships with managers and employees through results-based rewards if they meet these standards. Basically, for the organization, it ensures that long-term strategic goals are met and the systems are in place that help everyone reach that outcome. For the individual, performance management can give them more perceptions of authority and autonomy in the business. By using systems such as the 360 degree feedback system or the regular annual appraisal, it shows the business values them as a critical resource in the company. It can also strengthen their personal development and training that might lead to promotions or better job opportunities with less management presence if they contribute properly. It can also enhance their problem-solving and communication skills (Tarricone & Luca, 55). Question 2 The term business is behavior means that â€Å"a business succeeds or fails through the performance of all of its employee’s efforts and successes† (authorstream.com, 2). ... Attitude at the employee level is everything in order to gain positive growth in competitive advantage. The unbreakable behavior law are those behaviors that do not change over time that are long-standing values associated with cultural beliefs or strong personal psychological and personality factors. These are part of the person’s overall value system and do not change without major investment from management. Behavior is considered key to quality because so much of the organization relies on human attitude, loyalty, motivation and commitment. For example, an employee who is unhappy with their job role might lead to higher turnover at the company that can cost budget and labor in human resources to find their replacement or correct worker errors. Employees need to be team-focused and responsible and, without these attitudes and behaviors, the company’s reputation could be affected at the customer level. Question 3 Pinpointing is having an exact understanding of the beh aviors or attitudes that the business wishes to change through performance management processes and systems. It is â€Å"knowing in precise detail the behaviors that you want influenced† and how to go about it (quogroup.com, 2). For example, if a company’s long-term goals are to improve training and development, pinpointing is identifying which specific areas need improvement and then establishing systems to make sure this becomes a reality. It is a targeted process that is specific and streamlined to assist managers in development programs. Pinpointing is relevant for performance management because PM is so goal-oriented and related to strategic mission and vision. For example, if the company’s goal is to completely change the information

The Picture of Dorian Gray Essay Example for Free

The Picture of Dorian Gray Essay Dorian Gray is a wealthy and incredibly handsome young Englishman. He meets Basil Hallward, a great, well-known artist during his time at a social gathering. After their meeting, Dorian decides to have his portrait painted by Basil. Basil is greatly taken by the magnificence of Dorian’s physical appearance. As an artist, Basil becomes inspired, to great extent, by Dorian’s seemingly exceptional exquisiteness. Dorian becomes Basil’s â€Å"muse†. This results in Dorian sitting for quite a few portraits by Basil. A friendship also ensues because of their frequent encounters. (Wikipedia the free encyclopedia, 2007) Through his portrait sitting sessions with Basil, Dorian Gray meets Lord Henry Wotton. Lord Wotton is a very close friend of Basil’s. He is a nobleman and is quite the intellectual. A very articulate, witty and interesting conversationalist, Dorian Gray is instantly taken by Lord Wotton’s charm. Lord Wotton’s ideas are radical and endeavor to challenge the widely-accepted conservative concepts of truth. Lord Henry Wotton’s thoughts and theories reveal that he is a staunch believer of self indulgence. He is an exponent of the quest for both proper and immoral life experiences. However, his lifestyle reveals the opposite. He takes part in the social activities of London high society but he is careful enough to not involve himself in distasteful conduct. He is eager to take Dorian under his wing and teach him the principles of â€Å"new hedonism†. Basil confides in Lord Wotton that he finds Dorian’s Gray’s physical attributes enchanting and overpowering. (Wikipedia the free encyclopedia, 2007) Upon hearing Basil’s confession, Lord Wotton sought to influence Dorian by his ideals. In one of their encounters, Lord Wotton seeing Dorian’s portrait by Basil leaves a distressing message to Dorian that youth and beauty are fleeting. Dorian, the vain person that he is, is greatly trouble by this statement. He agonizes over the preordained fact that his handsomeness, which he considers his best trait is vanishing as each day goes by. Dorian unknowingly puts a curse on his portrait, wishing that he could change places with image in the painting. He hoped that the painting would grow old and he would stay the same, vibrant and youthful. Basil gives Dorian the portrait to calm him down. (Wikipedia the free encyclopedia, 2007) Dorian falls in love with Sibyl Vane, a young, poor actress. In spite of her brother, James’ warnings that a relationship with Dorian will not do her any good, she still persisted. She gets engaged with Dorian. One night, the raving Dorian proudly brings Lord Wotton and Basil to the theater to watch Sibyl. As the play unfolded, the two guests openly disapprove of Sibyl’s acting prowess. It is Dorian’s nature to be overly concerned of other peoples’ thoughts about him and his choices that he takes the criticism to heart. His guests try to console him that it does not matter if Sibyl is a good actress or not as long as they love each other but instead of calming down, he asks them to leave. Dorian tells Sibyl about this and the young and promising Sibyl who is swept away by her feelings for Dorian decides to abandon her love for acting for Dorian. In return, Dorian ruthlessly breaks off their relationship. This leaves Sibyl heartbroken and greatly distressed. (Wikipedia the free encyclopedia, 2007) Upon returning home, Dorian gazes at his portrait and he observes that the expression on the portrait’s face had changed from a calm expression to a scornful look. Seeing this, he feared that his wish to change places with the image on the portrait had come true and that his transgressions will be documented on the canvas. He decides to reconcile with Sibyl the next day. Unknown to him, Sibyl had taken her own life. The next day, Lord Wotton tells Dorian the news of Sibyl’s suicide. When he first heard of the terrible news, Dorian was distraught. To console Dorian, Lord Wotton advises Dorian to see Sibyl’s death in a different light. Lord Wotton counseled Dorian to treat Sibyl’s death as rather, a creative feat by being the epitome of tragedy and put this misfortune behind him. Simply put, Lord Wotton advised Dorian to consider Sibyl’s death as just another case of life imitating art. Dorian hides his portrait for fear that someone else would see the changes in the portrait. (Wikipedia the free encyclopedia, 2007) Given the conduciveness of the situation, Lord Wotton decides to take his â€Å"mentorship† with Dorian further by giving Dorian the ‘yellow book’ containing the exploits of the book’s hedonistic lead character. The book becomes Dorian’s ‘bible’. Dorian’s obsession with the book and hedonism signals the start of his corruption. (Wikipedia the free encyclopedia, 2007) After many years, Dorian’s appearance remains the same but his corrupt reputation precedes him by stories of his scandalous deeds and immoral exploits that hound his persona in London’s high society. A direct opposite of his physical appearance, his portrait by Basil had change considerably. The person in the portrait now looks repulsive, unbeknownst to many. When news of Dorian’s reputation reaches Basil, he decides to confront Dorian about his behavior. During the confrontation, Dorian shows the now hideous painting and the terrified Basil entreats Dorian to repent. In a fit of rage, Dorian kills Basil. This is followed by other atrocious deeds until one night, Dorian, overcome by fear and guilt tries to destroy his portrait. In his struggle to do so, he collapses on the floor and his servants are baffled to see the dead body of a disfigured, old man, a knife in his heart, in the place of their master. (Wikipedia the free encyclopedia, 2007) Homoerotic love This novel is replete with instances that show homoerotic love. Both Basil Hallward and Lord Henry Wotton are vying for Dorian Gray’s attention. (Wikipedia the free encyclopedia, 2007) Basil is instantly won over by Dorian’s physical attributes during their first meeting. He becomes so obsessed over his physical attraction to Dorian that it is expressed in his portraits. Basil was so drawn to Dorian to the point where he said â€Å"as long as I live, the personality of Dorian Gray will dominate me†. Basil is very much concerned over Dorian’s behavior and his reputation. This is very evident in the scene where he confronts Dorian in hopes to get him to repent from his wrongdoings. In the novel, Dorian does not reciprocate Basil’s feelings. (Wikipedia the free encyclopedia, 2007) Lord Henry Wotton senses Dorian Gray’s adoration of his sophistication and radical ideals starting from their first meeting. This sparks an attraction where Lord Wotton coached Dorian in the ways of hedonism. (Wikipedia the free encyclopedia, 2007) Dorian Gray’s fascination towards the hedonistic ideals of Lord Henry Wotton overshadows his other relationships. His obsession reaches to the point that he is easily influenced by the mere words that Lord Henry Wotton speaks. He is greatly affected when Lord Wotton expresses disapproval in any aspect of his life. One particular case in point is his reaction when Lord Wotton and Basil Hallward openly criticized the acting skill of Sibyl, the woman with whom he was once engaged. Lord Wotton’s twisted stamp of approval became Dorian’s measure of success. Dorian’s idolization of Lord Henry Wotton and the principles of hedonism eventually led to his downfall. (Wikipedia the free encyclopedia, 2007) Works Cited Wikipedia the free encyclopedia. (2007, November 6). The Picture of Dorian Gray. Retrieved November 9, 2007, from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia: http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/The_Picture_of_Dorian_Gray#Homoeroticism

Business Development And Its Relationship To Ict Information Technology Essay

Business Development And Its Relationship To Ict Information Technology Essay From time to time, Information and Communication Technology has made a great impact in contributing to the business development and improvement that enables a business to become more efficient, beneficial and also it also provide secure jobs. Besides, Information and Communication Technology has assist in effective communication and also co-operation between a company and its clients. Unlike the old days, when Information and Communication Technology has not been widely introduced and used into the society, business people are unable to speed up their work and also less efficient. In the globalizing technology society today, Information and Communication Technology is used in marketing, by helping companies to reach new markets and to offer customers to purchase goods and services at anytime they need, and almost all the time, at a reduced cost and also enhancing the level of customer service by using website. Business people also use e-mails to contact their clients and also to market their products and services directly to their potential customers and also to stay in contact with many customers and suppliers. In fact, by using the advanced marketing strategies, it will increase the effectiveness in communication and is able to access information through their websites, so that customers are able to gain information and to increase their business needs. Before the society started using Information and Communication Technology, business people uses pamphlets, banners and etc. to market their products. Without Information and Communication Technology, business men have difficulties staying in contact with their customers and hardly reach to other potential customers and suppliers. On the other hand, finance has also developed in the Information and Communication and Technology. Practically almost all companies use software program in business society today. In example, Sage and Excel are companies that manage other companies accounts and monitor at the financial information from time to time. These companies help to respond to the customers by offering discounts and also help in improving the management of their finances. With the help of these advanced technologies, many companies are relief for their accounts are managed by a company that alters at almost 24 hours. In the 80s, when Information and Communication Technology has not even exist, accountants have to spend wee hours checking the accounts in their offices or even at home in order not to make any mistakes in the finances. Even so, without these advanced technologies in the 80s, accountants had to record and file the companies account in files and papers and often, accountants had difficulties in fin ding the old records when needed. However, Information and Communication Technology has helped many accountants in saving companies data in the database which is easier to locate when the files are needed. In the business society, companies often need their staffs to be away from their desk and office to attend meetings and meeting clients at almost everywhere. From this aspects, many employers demand for an adjustable working systems which is accessible to the computer. Now that the society is so dependable in Information and Communication Technology, business people can work out of their office with laptops, PDA and smart phone. During the time when Information and Communication Technology has not exist, staffs and business people can only access into customers and suppliers needs and information from files in the office only and this could not help to satisfy a customer needs in any changes. In an office that have two or more computers creates a network, which allows the resources like printers, internet access, files and information to be share among colleagues and staffs can also access into the information and files at home to remote working systems that supports changing busines s needs. Back when the Information and Communication Technologies had not exist, staffs and business people can only access to resources like files or printers one thing at a time. This will delay ones work speed. Moreover, in the developing 21st century today, Information and Communication Technology is widely used in social media. The society today connects among themselves via advanced technology and social network like Facebook and Twitter, networks that helps in spreading messages faster and in simpler ways. Besides, it is essential that businesses are dominated by Facebook and Twitter which are used in business line that provides better solution for customers because business people and customers tend to communicate more in two-way communication instead of one-way communication. Business people also use social media to market their products, provides information about their products and deliver application to their user base towards the society today who uses and connects into social network every day. Studies show that the society today connects themselves into the social media two times more than before. Hence, business people who want to market their products connect themselves to soc ial network like e-Collaboration, Facebook and Twitter and post them online to market their products for a wider coverage. Before Information and Communication Technology was introduce into the society, where there werent any advanced social network like Facebook and Twitter, business people cannot market their products into a wider coverage of the society and resulting low marketing sales and lesser the profit for the company. Back then, business wasnt as developed as how it is for now. Also, many companies today are very dependable on the Information and Communication Technologies in managing and monitoring customers and clients. Many companies use advanced technologies like Customer Relationship Software(CRS) to manage their existing clients and also generate potential clients from there. Companies that use Customer Relationship Software have many data recorded in their database to keep track with customers, send messages and promotion to the potential clients. During the time when Information and Communication Technology hadnt been brought up, customers data and records are recorded in papers and files, which has never made it easy for business people to keep track with the potential customers. Without the technologies before, things werent any easier for business people. In addition, the impact of Information and Communication Technology in business is great and has influenced and change many things in many ways. In example, Information and Communication Technology is used in e-Business in order to reduce the transaction costs and also to widen the marketing coverage, as well as to increase the productivity and speed of doing business. Trinidad and Tobago are the examples of how the technologies has helped in e-Business in modernizing the private sector, to aim in encouraging e-Business For example, where the impact of ICT in Business like the E-business as the use of ICT in business to reduce transaction costs, to broaden market reach, and to increase the productivity and speed of doing business. E-business is a catalyst for modernizing the private sector in general, such as Trinidad and Tobago, seek to encourage e-business with a view to increase demand for domestically produced ICT products. To this end, the government of Trinidad and Tobago plans to co-develop, with private sector, an integrated e-business application for local companies to conduct online sales. Furthermore, the government has offered to help identify comparative advantages for local e-business and will collaborate in the development of skillnet, a service that provides recruitment, learning and career information. It is the close alignment between ICT and business processes that can provide competitive advantage to organizations and produce high quality products and services at lower cost, resulting in a strategic advantage(McCabe, 2003; Nevens, 2002). In general, there are two types of enterprise applications that support business processes example, logistics,CRM, etc and applications that directly implement business processes like example, electronic banking,mobile telephony, airline e-tickets and so on. For the first type of enterprise applications, it is possible to gain competitive advantage by combining ICT with unique company culture and knowledge. This unique combination enables the company to function effectively and utilize key assets such as organizational knowledge and culture. The second type type of enterprise application provides a service or product to customers and its timely deployment and unique features can result in competitive advantage. Due to the impact of ICT on the main factors influencing the way of doing business abroad, manifold changes are taking place within the organizational structures of the economy. The analysis below examines the consequences of these changes for three ares; the internal organization of companies, the organization of markets, i.e. the relationship between companies and its customers, and the organizational forms of co-operation between different companies. This classification is useful, since the fiscal analysis will refer to these three categories. ICT also serve as a platform for the business activities of a company, for example if the supply of information and services constitute its main business activities. Moreover, companies may market ICT and the Internet itself, example, if they provide memory capacity or websites, as an Internet Services Provider (ISP). Using ICT tools, such as video-conferencing or e-mail, decisions which are relevant to the company can be taken either in dif ferent locations or at the same time in different places. In addition, the management of a company may often be situated elsewhere and not in the company itself. As link between different companies can be created using ICT, it is possible to cooperate internationally without needing to centralize all activities in one location. Thus, activities are no longer dependent on geographical distances Information and Communication Technology has expended so great in business and it was so successfully developed especially in telecommunication, and it has impacted so many people in good aspects. Maxis and Digi are examples of how Information and Communication Technology has successfully developed in telecommunication. Information and Communication Technology has contributed as a communication tool and aided in keeping everyone in contact in just a key button away even though the distance is very far away. In this case, it is known that Digi uses many communication tools in keeping track with its customers especially via Facebook in Malaysia. Besides, Information and Communication Technology has helped telecommunication in keeping track with business partners and people via video conferencing in business plans, and research shows that it is two times more of people communicate via face-to-face in various forms. Moreover, business people need not travel far to attend a meeting instea d they can sit in their office and attend the meeting via video conferencing. However, there are also negative impacts of Information and Communication Technology on business sectors in telecommunication. People tend to abuse the usage of Information and Communication Technology that has expended so great to assist the society in a different form while some people uses Information and Communication Technology in a way which it is not created for. Some people uses the advance in telecommunication in Information and Communication Technology to start a crime, such as kidnapping and also blackmailing someone else. It has been shown in research that telecommunication usage is abused with other way especially in identity stealing. Business Development and its relationship to ICT? Business Development is the process of improvement that enables a business to become more efficient, profitable, and thereby creating or safeguarding jobs. Business development therefore does not only concern marketing and sales departments, but all parts of a business which constitute its value chain and requires effective communication and co-operation within a company. Over the last 20 years ICT has increasingly been identified as a major contributor to the process of business development and improvement and it has been identified that ICT à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦. is responsible for around half of productivity growth in modern economies. It drives improved efficiency and better services and products across the entirety of the private and the public sectors. (Viviane Reding, Member of the European Commission responsible for Information Society). What has been the impact of ICT on Business? The use of ICT and technology has affected every aspect of business, transforming not only the way that business is conducted but also creating new business sectors and jobs. The creation of companies like Google and e-Bay which did not exist 10 years ago, was only made possible by advances in technology and the changes that this has created in the way that people behave (currently Google is valued at  £44billion Source BBC 5th June 05). Some examples of the nature of this change include:

Mourning and Grief Essay -- Psychology

Sigmund Freud, born on May 8th, 1856, was the founder of psychoanalysis. Psychoanalysts believed that human behavior, experience, and cognition were largely determined by irrational drives which were mostly unconscious. Freud further developed the mechanisms of repression and established a clinical method for treating psychopathology through dialogue between a patient and their respective psychoanalyst. Though psychoanalysts are not very common in our current day, other forms of psychotherapy have developed that employs diverging ideas, originating from Freud’s original thoughts and approach to studying the mind (Boeree). Freud went on to later synthesize a theory of what he believed happened during grief. According to his theory, we become emotionally attached to our loved ones by investing libido, or physical energy, in them. When these loved ones pass, we have a sense that we lost this energy, which he believes accounts for changes in our sensitivity. Under Freud’s theory, grieving consists of severing these emotional attachments by withdrawing our energetic investments (Watson). Though Freud’s view on death was fashioned centuries ago, it can still be clearly seen in various aspects/locations in modern time. Freud’s ideas which have become the backbone to the ‘six reconciliation needs for mourning’ are currently used as the basis for ritualistic tendencies of funerals, self-help books that are utilized within Hospice units in Hospitals, and self-help groups. The initial need to help the family acknowledge the reality of the death of a loved one is commonly carried out by funeral homes. Typically, death is acknowledged in two phases, the first dealing with acceptance in our mind and then within our hearts. Sigmund Freud b... ...e are supposed to do. Self-help groups attempt to fill bereaved ones lives with activities that may interest them in the hopes that these activates will either get their mind off the recent death or aid in helping the individual reinvent themselves. Works Cited Boeree, C. George. "Sigmund Freud." My Webspace Files. 2009. Web. . Smith, Melinda, and Jeanne Segal. "Supporting a Grieving Person." : Helping Others Through Grief and Loss. Jan. 2012. Web. . Watson, Donald E. "Apperception Theory of Grieving." Don Watson's Home Page. 12 Feb. 2005. Web. . Wolfelt, Alan D. "Why Is the Funeral Ritual Important?" 2007. Web.

Politics of Piety by Saba Mahmood Essay examples -- islamic women, gend

The book I chose to read for the final paper was Politics of Piety by Saba Mahmood. This book although interesting was very difficult to follow. Mahmood basically broke the book into two parts. The first part goes into detail of the Islamic women’s mosque movement in Egypt. Mahmood explains her 2 years of â€Å"field work† experience and also critically analyzes Islam women in the Islamic culture after 9/11.The second part of the book focuses on the ethics, autonomy, and piety of the women in this culture. Throughout the entire book Mahmood references Foucault which I found really interesting showing his influence and ideals from his own research. The main idea I think Mahmood is trying to get across is stated in the epilogue of Politics of Piety: â€Å"†¦This attempt at comprehension offers the slim hope in this embattled and imperious climate, one in which feminist politics runs the danger of being reduced to a rhetorical display of the placard of Islam’s abuses, that analysis as a mode of conversation, rather than mastery, can yield a vision of coexistence that does not require making others life worlds extinct or provisional.† (Mahmood, 2005, p.199) In retrospect I found that Politics of Piety relates to the concepts of gender and the law, legal pluralism, and finally autonomy and self-determination that we learned throughout the semester. Gender and law are a big part of Politics and Piety. The women’s supposed role to gain any autonomy in this movement need to be subordinate to their female virtues in order for them to gain a more public role in their political and religious life. (Mahmood, 2005, p.6).My impression of this movement is that women involved in Islamic politics and religion are still governed by a patriarchal authority. A... ... influence the laws that are made in regard with these concepts in mind. Gender and law is the whole mosque movement and how Islamic women today are slowly changing and gaining some power. Legal pluralism is all the systems in place and their influence of the Islamic women. Autonomy and Self- Determination is the rights, choices, and freedoms these women are gaining through this movement and the changes after 9/11. Works Cited Foucault, M. (1995). Discipline and punish: the birth of the prison (2nd Vintage Books ed.). New York: Vintage Books. Mahmood, S. (2005). Politics of piety: the Islamic revival and the feminist subject. Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press. Merry, S. E. (1988). Legal Pluralism. Law & Society Review, 869-896. Steinbrich, S. (1990). The Social and Legal Position of Lyela Women (Burkina Fas). Journal of Legal Pluralism, 30-31, 869-894.

Romantic Period :: essays research papers

Dr. George Boeree best describes the Romantic Movement in the following, â€Å" Reason and the evidence of our senses were important no doubt but they mean nothing to us unless they touch our needs, our feelings, our emotions. Only then do they acquire meaning. This ‘meaning’ is what the Romantic Movement is all about.† There were many changes that made this movement. The Romantics turned to the poet before the scientist to harbor their convictions. They found that Science was too narrow-minded, and held no room for emotion or feelings. In England, there was a resurgence into Shakespearean drama, and numerous techniques and styles such as Sturm and Drang, a style of writing in Germany, and in art the title sublime to describe the power of natural disasters that developed in the Romantic period. The perception that the Enlightenment was destroying the natural human soul and substituting it with the mechanical, artificial heart was becoming prevalent across Europe. Also another thought that was at the wake of romanticism were the words of the French revolution emphasizing liberty, freedom, and individuality as well as the need in England to escape what the industrial revolution was doing to the country. There are many people and expressions either art, thought, or music that made the romantic period what is was. There are however key people who are involved in cementing certain expressions. Many writers such as William Wordsworth, Samuel Coleridge, and George Gordan, Lord Bryant, classified the Romantic period. One writer however Johann Wolfgang von Goethe of Germany really expressed this movement with "The Sorrows of Young Werther", which epitomized what Romanticism stood for. His character expressed feelings from the heart and gave way to a new trend of expressing emotions through individuality as opposed to collectivism. He was also known for the Sturm and Drang style that was popular in Germany. This style was the free spirited answer to the restraint of the classical period. Another popular writer was Mary Shelly. To go without saying her book Frankenstein which describes a man (Frankenstein) who lets science get out of control and creates a being that eventually hunts down and kills him was revolutionary at the time. This book was clearly is a revolt against the scientific happenings that caused the Romantic Movement. The aspect of philosophy on Romanticism can be attributed to two great thinkers. G. W. F. Hegel, a German philosopher, rejected philosophy of the 18th century because he believed in "Idealism".

Racial discrimination Essay

The era of Jim Crow segregation will forever be linked with racial discrimination and the push for civil rights following Reconstruction.   The two most influential black men of the time, Booker T. Washington and W.E.B. DuBois, were also two of the most polarizing forces within the black community.   Both men strived for racial equality in the eyes of the law, but they employed contrasting strategies in order to combat the dire political and economic situation African Americans found themselves trying to escape. With his leadership skills and political cache, Booker T. Washington was the most famous African American leading the black charge into the 20th Century.   His power increased with his economic and political ties through the Tuskegee Institute and his relations with Presidents Roosevelt and Taft, both of whom were racially prejudiced.   Mr. Washington believed that blacks should accept their subjugated citizenship for the time being instead of agitating the white population.   In his mind, if blacks could earn a dollar through industrial education they would be much better off than fighting the latent power of white society. On the other end of the spectrum, Harvard educated W.E.B. DuBois took the intellectual path to the racial struggle.   His theory held that blacks should never accept a lower position in society just because that was the way things were.   Through his writings and organizing tactics, DuBois rallied the intelligentsia, The Talented 10th, in order to raise black consciousness above the perceived blind acceptance of Booker T. Washington.   DuBois was severely opposed to racial segregation in both politics and economics whereas Washington supported an agenda based on the separation of the races.

Lago’s Motiveless Malignancy

S. T. Coleridge regarded Iago as â€Å"A being next to the devil, only not quite the devil whose explanatory soliloquies were ‘the motive hunting of motiveless malignity’†. From your reading so far, to what extent do you agree with this view? Iago is one of Shakespeare’s most compelling and sophisticated villain. He is considered as such because of the trust that Othello puts in him and which he betrays while maintaining his reputation of an honest and reliable man.Shakespeare presents Iago as cynical, quick witted and opportunistic, therefore having all qualities of stage villains in revenge tragedies. He is eaten up by jealousy and hatred, and this leads him to seek ways to destroy Othello by poisoning his mind against Desdemona. Iago is a master in pretending and destroying. Most of the times we see that he enjoys having an audience, because we see that he has a lot of soliloquies where he outlines his plot very clearly. However he is rather mysterious e specially when he refuses to speak at the end of the play.In fact, it is this silence that led to Coleridge concluding that he has a â€Å"motiveless malignity†. The same critic also viewed Iago as â€Å"being next to the devil†. Here Iago is no longer considered as the epitome of evil, but he is seen as an example of an emotionally limited man, driven by jealousy. Most other Shakespearean characters do bad things in order to achieve a particular goal. Often the motive is ambition as in Macbeth or revenge, as in Hamlet. The thing about Iago is that we really never know for certain why Iago acts In this way.However, many people think that the possible motive for Iago’s actions is envy, particularly towards Desdemona, Cassio and Othello. Iago sees them as more noble, generous and in the case of Cassio, more handsome than he is. This is reflected in the line when he says: â€Å"He hath a daily beauty in his life that makes me ugly†. In addition, Iago suspect s his wife, Emilia, of infidelity with Cassio. Iago’s relationship with Roderigo is driven by callous greed, and when his â€Å"purse† becomes a dangerous inconvenience, he kills him.His motives for destroying Othello’s happiness are driven by negative impulses. Iago holds a grudge against Othello for promoting Cassio instead of him. Apart from normal jealousy, Iago is also eaten uo with sexual jealousy. He hates Othello because he suspects that the general has â€Å"twixt my sheets .. done my office†. And because of this paranoia, Iago determines to use the goodness of Othello’s wife, Desdemona to â€Å"enmesh them all†. Another motive, for Iago to hate Othello is racism.His low opinion of him is very clear in many of his speeches, especially in the way that he mentions him. Iago wants to degrade those that he despises. Iago is self-contained, egotistical and confident. These qualities help him in his treacherous quest. He is also very succ essful because he is able to play several roles convincingly, and is able to adapt his style to suit any occasion. Iago only reveals his true nature in his soliloquies. And this is why it is difficult for us to see the real motive beneath the appearance that he creates to cover his true self.

Conservative dominance in the years 1951 to 1964 Essay

The main reason for conservative dominance in the years 1951 to 1964 was labour disunity?† Access the validity of this view I agree with this statement as the labour party leaders were ageing. The labour leaders were from the pre-war era therefore it meant that they were not in touch with the population. This led to labour disunity throughout the years as it caused Attlee to retire, he found that he couldn’t understand what the young wanted. For the public they left their trust with the labour party and put it in the conservatives as they felt that labour had failed to create the consumer revolution that everyone had hoped for. By 1951 the public were also fed up with the rationing that they still had to endure even though the war had ended 6 years ago therefore this helped the conservative dominance in those years. Another reason as to why labour disunity was to blame for labour dominance was the growing split in the party caused by the Bevanites and Gaitskillites. The split in the party was due to Gaitskell introducing prescription and dentistry charges. Bevan supported the left wing of the party whereas Gaitskell supported the right wing of the party and followed Attlee in becoming the next leader of labour government. The split led to disunity as Gaitskell didn’t have the full support of the party; his ideas were always going to be argued against. Another reason why the split caused disunity in the labour party was to do with the trade unions. The trade unions were supporting the left wing of the party; this was a problem particularly during the Scarborough conference in 1960. Frank Cousins was the leader of the one of the most powerful unions, TGWU (transport and general workers) and was an extreme left wing. He led fierce opposition to Gaitskell over Britain’s nuclear weapons. Gaitskell wanted Britain to have nuclear weapons because of the looming threat of Russia, during the cold war; they could wipe out countries at any time. At the party conference in Scarborough Frank Cousins opposed Gaitskell’s leadership over the labour party and in particular nuclear weapons. He challenged Gaitskell over his decision not to refect unilateral disarmament. This caused disunity in the party because it showed to the public how weak the labour party was if a trade union leader, who had no power within the party was able to dictate what they did. It showed to them that someone who was a small minority was able to gather a lot of power. It was humiliation for Gaitskell because it showed he wasn’t able to control what was happening to the party. Alsoà ‚  disunity in the party was due to the fact that the left wing of the party was closely associated with CND (campaign for nuclear disarmament). The left wing side of the labour party were in favour of nuclear disarmament and being connected with nuclear disarmament scared many labour supporters. Many people were not in favour of nuclear disarmament as it was at the height of the cold war and they were scared of a nuclear war happening; this link between the CND and the labour party could have led to many voters turning away from the labour party in the 1959 election. Another reason which could have turned people away from voting for the labour party in the 1959 election was the association of CND being anti-government. Their ‘unilateralism’ became a powerful magnet for anti-government protest in some ways it almost was seen as a substitute for opposition in government. With many labour left-wingers associated with one of the most powerful pressure groups in Britain it made people question the ideas that the labour government had and their ability to run the country. The final reason for a split in labour disunity was clause four. Clause four was the commitment to nationalisation of everything which was a step towards socialism and communism. Gaitskell put forward the idea to abolish this clause and labours commitment to nationalisation to nationalisation. He was impressed with the way Germany had dumped their commitments to Marxist ideas in their party conference in 1959. Many people including the left wing of labour opposed this ide a and Gaitskell had to back down from his idea. With events happening in the world connected with socialism and communism, the abolishment of clause four was linked to the ideas of radical socialism which scared people as it was too close to communism for their liking. However it wasn’t just the labour disunity that caused the conservative party to remain dominant. The conservatives had strengths of their own that they used to the best of their ability. When conservatives came into power in 1951 it marked the end of the austerity era and the start of the post war boom. From 1952 most economic indicators pointed upwards with the boom in car ownership, home ownership increased, helped by the easy access to cheap mortgages and food rationing ended completely in 1954. Harold Macmillan who was then the housing minister fulfilled the election pledge of getting new homes constructed above 300,000 per year. The age of affluence helped keep the conservatives dominant in politics as it meant the public saw that party  as the ones who could make a change. Also the conservatives keeping their promises meant the public would respect them. In the run up to the 1955 election Butler was able to boost conservative election prospects with a ‘give-away’ budget. This meant for people in the middle classes would be provided with  £134 million in tax cuts. For these middle classes it meant an overwhelming support in favour of the conservatives because of the classes that might not have been able to afford the consumer goods were given a chance to. For the conservatives in the 1955 general election the public mood was what was described as a ‘feel good’ factor. They wanted the continuation of the consumer goods and therefore they would continue to vote for the conservatives as they saw them as the party who would be able to offer them it. Another reason for conservative dominance was that the national press was overwhelmingly in favour with the conservatives. During the 1955 election this helped win support and it also helped during Macmillan’s time as prime minister. Macmillan seemed to have the media in the palm of his hand using the new political opportunities that were provided by the television. With the conservative party gaining wide spread coverage throughout the country and labour not, it meant people knew more about the conservative party. With the national press focusing on the conservatives it gave them enough attention to win the elections crushing labour in every defeat. An important reason for the conservative dominance was the personalities that led the party. Winston Churchill gained his reputation for leading Britain to victory during the war. However during his post war leadership he was very much absent and Anthony Eden the acting prime minister led the conservatives. Eden was the first prime minister that the public felt they could understand what they wanted. Anthony Eden was said to have ‘represented contemporary manhood.’ This led the public to believe that for the first time after the war they would receive the benefits that they wanted. Eden has also many progressive ideas in domestic affairs however in the end this was his downfall. The Suez crisis split the conservative party and for the first time it looked like they would be weakened and labour would take power however it didn’t. Eden was resigned in 1957 and Harold Macmillan who led the campaign to abort the Suez crisis emerged as prime minister. He restored the party unity and in the 1959 led the conservatives to another win in the election. Macmillan from 1957 showed  his aura of confidence and political mastery. This showed to the public that the politicians and leaders in the party were strong willed and would do anything in their power to protect their country. This gave the conservatives the respect that they needed to go on and win the elections. Overall I think that although the labour party were weak, and this weakness led to the conservatives dominating politics and government; conservative dominance was due to the power that the leaders had. The people saw that this party was able to give them everything they wanted with the age of affluence. Also conservatives made sure that labour supporters would change sides as they gave respect to the labour’s post war consensus. With keeping with the post war consensus it showed to the people they were leaders who knew what they party wanted and not the ageing leader s in the labour party.

Organisation design

estructuring is rife once again in our organizations. Is all this really necessary or are we Just getting it very wrong? Do we keep designing in the traditional and two dimensional way we have always designed our organizations in? Let us rethink why we would restructure in the first place and how we would do it in a way that is more sustainable and less disruptive to the organization. Let's start with some simple ideas and principles. Include organization design as part of your strategic planning process. When your business model or value chain changes, your overall structure needs to change with it.For other times, accountabilities and roles need to continually evolve. Create broad roles that can evolve, not tightly defined Jobs. Remember we frequently encounter problems beyond our Job descriptions and we need to develop people so they can be redeployed. When you restructure, change the way the work is done or there will be no change. Functions focused on effectiveness cannot report to functions focused on efficiency Functions focused on long-range development cannot report to functions focused on short-range results Having the wrong people in the wrong roles will continue to make the structure ineffective.Understand that there will always be paradoxes in the system like centralization AND decentralization and learn to manage it through behavior rather than structure. No amount of restructuring can make up for leadership and culture failures. Restructures often don't change power structures. People like creating extra layers to serve their own agendas. Do not allow it if the business model and value chain does not require it. Let's improve how we do things using 4 fundamentals. 1 .Job families based on the value chain – broken down into core and support The first step is to design value chain based Job families – a Job family is a cluster of roles that have a lot in common as far as competencies and outputs are concerned. Identify the core functi ons that must be performed in support of the business strategy. Define what each function will have authority and be accountable for. Once his is clear, support Job families can be defined. Examples are Finance, Human Resources and Operations. Support should never be greater than core. . Levels of work Now define the right number of levels. The starting point, says Jacques, is â€Å"to get the right structure, including the right number of vertical layers, and well-defined accountability and authority not only in manager-subordinate working relationships, but in cross-functional working relationships as well† Oases, â€Å"The Aims of Requisite Organization,† in Requisite Organization). All roles in a level have a similar approach to work, and a similar level of complexity, regardless of the business unit or Job family they fall into.This paves the way for clear goal alignment. You should not have more than 5-6 levels of work in total for example Operational employees, First line leaders, Expert leaders, Executive Leaders and Strategic leader(s). 3. Systems thinking to get governance and matrix structures right Now make sure you put the governance , organization support and matrix structures over it that can manage the accountabilities and risk appetites of your functions and ensure you understand where to place resources between core and support and between central and decentralized functions. . Generic roles, not people And very importantly†¦ When creating the structure, ignore the people involved and just identify the core and support business functions that must be performed. Create generic roles that are not person dependent and can evolve. Have similarities in role design across levels and in Job families and only define the unique bits differently. This makes it much easier to redeploy people instead of making them redundant whilst growing other parts of the business.The ensuing picture looks like this: If we evolve the picture further to incorporate the matrix and governance designs the final design will look something like a three dimensional matrix using the Biometric design developed by DRP. Elisabeth Dossal: If you need help in developing a sustainable well-designed organization structure, please contact me on [email  protected] Com.

Ethanol vs methanol as gasoline supplement Research Paper

Ethanol vs methanol as gasoline supplement - Research Paper Example The saturated hydrocarbons are the major components of gasoline mainly alkenes like 2-methyl-2-butene, alkanes like isooctane and cycloalkanes. In addition it also contains oxygenators which are pre used hydrocarbons that contain oxygen and are good substitutes for aromatics besides reducing the smog forming properties of exhaust gases. They include ethanol, methanol, methyl tertiary butyl ether and tertiary amyl methyl ether. Gasoline contains octane enhancers, aromatics like benzene, and blending agents to make high quality gasoline by adding preservatives. Methanol is used as safe way of storing energy. It is yielded by recycling carbon dioxide gas from its toxic state to inexhaustible carbon source. It is also environmental friendly due to its reductive conversion from carbon dioxide. It can also be converted to di-methyl ether which possesses a high calorific value and is an excellent diesel and house hold gas substitute. In addition methanol and related oxygenates can be made f rom carbon dioxide through aqueous electro-catalytic reduction without prior electrolysis of water to yield hydrogen leading to formation of oxygenated fuels through electrolytic conversion of water and carbon dioxide. ... When used as a fuel the engine of the motor vehicle must be designed to run on high alcohol levels (Dewick, Green and Miozzo 134). Also fuels containing ethanol release less energy compared to non-alcoholic fuels. Being an excellent solvent it dissolves fuel system parts, rubbers, plastic, fiber glass and to some extent aluminum. In addition the rubber that is used to in the fuel system parts shrink, swell or loose strength when exposed to ethanol reformulated gasoline. Methanol can be used as alternative fuel in small petrol engines having an advantage over gasoline because it is liquid under atmospheric pressure and also its energy density is about half of that of gasoline (Liu and Zhang 56). The distribution of methanol uses the same infrastructure as for distributing gasoline. The vehicles that are to use methanol needed to be installed with direct methanol fuel cells in contrast to hydrogen consuming devices which require liquid fuel to deliver power to run the automobiles. Use of methanol as fuel is eco-friendly hence posing intrinsic advantages to the environment than using gasoline as it enables efficiency of the engine, greater power density and it is cost effective (Liu and Zhang 55). DISCUSSION Ethanol is hygroscopic and an excellent solvent. Ethanol is added at gasoline pumps after the gas has been produced and delivered at the major gas refinery because of the risk of water contamination when traveling through the pipelines. Studies have shown that 10% ethanol gasoline dissolves 50 times more water than the conventional non-alcohol gasoline. Water dissolves in an ethanol blended fuel leading to the occurrence of phase separation (Miller and Spoolman 420-425). Phase separation of gasoline occurs because too much water is absorbed

Privacy as a Basic Individual Right Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Privacy as a Basic Individual Right - Essay Example However, privacy runs through out the constitution in the 27 amendments. Regardless of the purpose of the act or legislation, it has an effect on the privacy of an individual. (Yero, 2006). Most scholars of the law interpret the ninth amendment to mean that certain rights of the individual though not exclusively described in the bill of rights need to be protected. The privacy right, therefore, extends to anonymity, security and bodily integrity. Dignity and respect are the fundamental principles that define the need for privacy. To argue my point, I will look at a controversial aspect of human beings that is life and death. The controversy of life and death in regard to invasion or restriction to privacy can be seen in the following situations; prisoners on death row, euthanasia, abortion and termination of medical treatment. Euthanasia: this is the intentional inducement of death at the request of the victim (person dying). Persons seek euthanasia because they need to be relieved f rom dire pain or want a dignified exit from the world if they are for instance in a gross, non reversible state. In past cases, the courts gave rulings in support of rule utilitarian utterly disregarding act utilitarian. However, the interference of human rights activities in the situation has led to considerations on the matter (McDougall, 2008). Case study: Britain, 1992, Dr Cox faced prosecution for allegedly performing Euthanasia. The patient, Mrs. Boyes, aside from being terminally ill was in excruciating pain. To end her suffering, she requested her doctor to end her life. During court proceedings, the argument on whether or not the patient had the right to request death and the doctor’s jurisdiction on the matter took centre stage. The prosecution argued that the patient was in pain, making delusional and, therefore, prone to make life threatening decisions. In response to this claim, the family said the patient was sane hence her decision to choose death instead of li ving in pain. From the above case, the question of personal liberties springs up. Do individuals have the personal liberty to take their own life at will? Are there exceptional circumstances where the law allows an individual to die? The patient wanted to die with dignity, she also expected her doctor to respect her decision to die and finally, to maintain her bodily integrity. Closer home; there is the Quinlan vs. Missouri State case. In 1975, Ann Quinlan went into a coma that reduced her to a vegetative state. Her parents legally took up the role of making decisions for her. Ann’s parents were Catholics (privacy of beliefs, 1st Amendment) (Yero, 2006) in which case they believed in the sanctity of life but not in living by support of artificial means. In view of this, they decided that Ann should not be on life support machines. The state challenged the parents stand, but the courts ruled in favor of Ann’s parents, therefore, respecting their religious stand. Contrad ictions: Jurisdictions impinge upon an individual’s right to privacy on the matter of life and death. The American law describes mercy killings as criminal homicide despite personal liberties. So where is the contradiction? The state of Oregon for instance passed the assisted suicide and Death with Dignity Act making euthanasia a personal liberty. In Texas, the Advance Directives Act Section 166.046 affords medical and health care facilities the right to terminate life-sustaining treatment in cases where continued treatment is futile. Therefore, in

Che Guevara Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Che Guevara - Essay Example Revolution is a struggle and plea for freedom. Men such as Che Guevara throughout history have fought as well as triumphed and lost revolutions that shaped our lives now. The battle has been very inhuman and many soldiers shed blood and lost their lives in these battles. War and the revolution have this implication of having to use force and power over those who are weak and oppressed. To describe a specific type of creative production created by human, it is called Art. Che made use of art in order to revolt against the tyranny of the existing administration. Aesthetic value is a characteristic of every artwork. There should be a sense of beauty and pleasantness with the product of the human. Art has several purposes. It can be for human expression, a part of a ritual or to symbolize a feeling or idea. The definition of art can be vague and it cannot be limited by a specific meaning. Human creativity is the main driving force of art. Some people may think that art is just a piece of work that has no significant purpose but to fill our aesthetic needs.

Leadership Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 4

Leadership - Essay Example There are also positive indications that organizations that are rated highly on diversity are also rated high on other measures of organizational success. (Winston, 2001). Once the diversity and its related issues are identified and acknowledged, the organization can move on to develop systems to co-ordinate and turn diversity into its competitive advantage. One such system, that is perhaps the most crucial one for the entire process to work, is of leadership. There are however, two fold links between leadership and diversity that must be given due consideration. The first arises (as we’ll see in the following paragraphs), due to the fact that it is extremely relevant that leaders and managers acknowledge diversity of the workforce and also, and that they are trained in their approach to direct a diverse people. The second link is due the growing need to encourage more leaders from among those who come with a diverse background. The first issue is pertinent as many of the leadership theories postulate that the leaders’ social skills, intelligence, attitudes, and traits like decisiveness and self-confidence, play a crucial role in his ability to motivate and lead. (Stogdill,1974). Other theories, like the contingency theories, also put forward the ability of the leaders to adjust to the situation and to adapt a flexible approach – an approach that is perhaps the most required one for leading a diverse workforce.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  This is especially true in the light that people working together in teams, are required to share healthy working relationships, and to complement each other’s skills. The link between diversity and leadership can be identified by the fact that a leader’s task becomes important in a diversity environment, as he is required to keep heterogeneous teams motivated to work together and to stimulate synergistic outputs.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Secondly, a point to note here is that there is a need to encourage leaders from diverse

Discussion Question 12 Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Discussion Question 12 - Assignment Example The most important non-verbal communication is active listening, which can only be achieved when nurses set aside their personal feelings and thoughts. This helps nurses to listen for any cues and develop successful writing skills. In order to demonstrate that the nurses are listening, they reflect, summarize, acknowledge, empathize, paraphrase information, and check for any cues. This is an important communication style since it offers patients a chance to air their concerns and help nurses to make informed decisions when they write down some of the information that they acquire. This also helps in checking the documented notes and reporting on the patients’ conditions in a manner that other medical professionals can get a clear picture of the situation (Bramhall, 2014). I am definitely ready to listen to my patients and to do this, I have to learn some listening skills and ensure that I do not interrupt the patients. I will also strengthen my listening skills by making a conscious move or effort to not only hear the words that are being spoken by the patient, but also to try and understand and empathize with them. I will get rid of all the distracters; hence, avoid misunderstanding and create a healthy environment in which the patients can freely talk (Bramhall,