Macroeconomic Theory and Policy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Macroeconomic Theory and Policy - Essay ExampleThe neoclassical economies invention at creating long status solutions for the economic problems with effects of inflation and government regulation being critical, time for Keynesian economies, immediate ensues form a major platform where the policies focus on short term goals(Evans & Seppo 2007, p. 89).This was a system that established rules for financial and commercial relations in mid 20th one C among the major industrial states worldwide. This led to establishment of International Bank of Reconstruction and Development and the International monetary Fund. The major features of the Bretton Woods System were obligation of every country to establish a monetary form _or_ system of government which maintained an exchange set of its currency to US dollar as well as susceptibility of IMF in bridging the temporary payment imbalances in terms of gold (Evans & Seppo 2007, p. 89).Stagflation in economics describes the situation when the rate of inflation is high leading to slow rates of economic growth and high rates of unemployment. This results when deliverance is stagnant increasing the rates of inflation. The situation fosters economic policy dilemma as a result of exacerbation of unemployment by decreasing the rates of inflation. In version of the Keynesian macroeconomic theory dominating during the late 1970s and at the end of World War II, recession and inflation were regarded to be mutually exclusive with relationship between them described by Phillips curve. Kaldor proposed an international buffer stocks system meant to raise the prices for commodities after(prenominal) they become too low in order to help the developing incomes from producing and developing nations after the prices raise too high (Evans & Seppo 2007, p. 89).European Exchange Rate Mechanism (ERM) was introduced in 1979 in UK by European Community with the aim of reducing the variability and achieving monetary stability in preparat ion for the Economic and fiscal Union. UK joined ERM with the aim of improving its stability in

The life of david gale Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

The life of david gale - Essay ExampleThe word-painting raises a number of issues in the modern day society. False representation, shoddy police investigation, and bribery affect the implementation of justice in the current day society. Unfortunately, in as much as everyone is aware of the occurrence of such vices, no one takes notice of any action to prevent their perpetuation, and the rest of the society lives on as though the vices are not ever felt. This movie therefore offers a challenge by revealing the conclusion to which one can ever go to unearth the societal evil. It takes a strong heart and a patriotic spirit to develop the type of personality shown by the lead character in the movie (Schermerhorn 66).Broadcasters use movies and television programs to advertise products and swear outs. Broadcasting media houses earn their revenue mainly through the adverts. In selecting the ad time, marketers consider a number of factors key among which is the audience base of the prog rams and the relation of the product and or service to the audience. The Life of David Gale is a thriller movie, one shown in most television shows late in the night and targets an magnanimous and analytical audience. Products and services advertised in its wake should therefore target a similar audience. rise up Fargo is an English company that offers security services besides being a bank. The organization prides itself in justice and effectiveness of their process of executing client dictates. The company advertised some of their freight, security, and their banking services in the course of action of the movie. Some components of these adverts are in correspondence with the theme addressed in the movie (Penz, and Andong 99). The movie espouses on the absence of an effectual and legal system it shows an indecent police system. David Gale is deliberately betrayed by the women he model he

Creative Problem Solving Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Creative Problem Solving - Essay ExampleThey ar much more creative and would solve issues on their own. Category B of employees involves the individuals who face ch whollyenges and fairly offer up solutions to these challenges. They always involve their fellow employees who they perceive could be having more experiences and expertise than them in finding solutions to their issues. They argon slight independent and rely on external solutions to some extent. Category C and D employees are hardly different exhibit almost similar characteristics as far as provision of solutions to their challenges. They fox a habit of avoiding the challenges altogether. They would rather not face the challenges instead they leave them to other stakeholders in the system.____10_____ C. mint other challenges and pretend as though nothing wrong has occurred in the system. They tend to be less concern and seem to expect others to be responsible in solving the challenges.The results indicate that half o f all the employees have the capacity to face the challenges and provide solutions on their own. Thirty percent face the issues that come onward them but would rather engage other individuals in the solving of these tasks. Twenty percent of these individuals would either follow the challenges or avoid them completely.The paper under study is conceptualizing assessment for employee performance in terms of problem solution and what the strategic managers think about this trend. In the recent past, there has been an increased number of strategic managers that have relied on this assessment style as a creative way to evaluating a large number of employees as compared to the old style of evaluation. An analytical study conducted reveals that the growth of creative management practices has been enamor by the adoption of other systems of management.Creative skills can be improved through the training to dilate the ways of categorizing the various events and

Philosophical problems Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Philosophical problems - Essay ExampleTherefore, this could be expect to be equal and living in unity, it is often the case that most of them are in broken relationships. Human beings are in constant confrontations, a factor that derails the very need for the human beings. Camus symbolizes this with a overleap of optimism, repeated denial, and a conscious displeasure. Living in a state of hopelessness negates the very message of human cosmea hence the connotation of absurdity (Camus 79).Human reality also attests to absurdity from the neighborly believed process. As Camus says, the level of human intellect is one of those which adds to the absurdity in the human existence. He says man the mind is driven by nostalgia for unity and the ultimate desire to understand why things happen as they do there is no way of confirming the same (Camus 107). As such, living in a world where we can only believe in our perceptions and thoughts rather than having believes based on facts suggests human existence is indeed absurd.Equally absurd is the fact that human beings try so much to have an in-dept agreement of the worlds irrationality. Camus asserts that the bid to understand the world by humans only brings forth a confrontation of thoughts and is often futile. Also the fact that humans, although living on earth lack the ability to bode the future and can only for the moment adds to the absurdity of human existence.Another element that makes human existence absurd is the feeling of independence, rebellion, and passion. Human beings live in a world where the notion of freedom seems quite an high, for example human beings believe they can make own decisions at will. The twist in this, however, is that victimize decisions often lead to condemnation. In addition, nature somehow has a way of interfering with this freedom (Taylor 7). fleck philosophy tries to question the very essence of human existence, it is a fact

Persuasion on Technology Adaption Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Persuasion on Technology Adaption - Essay ExampleDesktops ar believed to provide comfort to the enjoymentr with the fact that one can acquire the keyboard, mouse and other devices to get hold of to it easily. Laptops provide better comfort since one can use them even while lying down. unalike desktops, the laptops do not need extra space for the mouse. Even while lying down at home an employee can still complete the piece of work given to avoid the overloads that perform with keeping work for a long time. One can purchase a laptop that suits their needs and not of necessity accepting it the way it comes. Desktops require that one sits in an upright position to be able to use them efficiently. The employees are better off with the laptops that can suit their work. Employees with simple assigns can have those with less crush while those with big workloads can get the sophisticated ones.Desktops can be put in specialised places for use and may not frequently be moved to avoid t hem from being spoilt. According to Stam, Stanton, and Guzman (2006), laptops are mobile and in case a desktop or laptop that is being used for mental picture or scanning fails. Besides, laptops give a wider range of options in case there is a line in the office. The desktops in office do not give alternatives when there is a fault in any of them. Most of the times employees have no choice when a desktop fails, and an urgent task is supposed to be performed yet there is no laptop in the office. The employees should be provided with laptops to avoid the mishaps that come with faulty desktops.

TV Talk Show Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

TV Talk Show - Essay ExampleThank you for making the cartridge clip to visit. innkeeper Our second guest is Dr. Hassad Taufiq, a Muslim scholar who is an expert on Islamic write up and global politics. Recognized globally for his pioneering efforts in promoting peace and ecumenism, Dr. Hassads reputation truly is untarnished. Good afternoon, Doctor. server The misgiving that we will resolve this afternoon is whether imperialism is an issue of economics or an issue of intolerance and racial supremacy. That is certainly a painful time in our history and for better or worse, has helped chart our collective caboodle as a race. First of all, I would comparable to ask the two of you what are your concepts of imperialismHassad Well, imperialism is one predominant state exercising power over a weaker state, with no other motive but to forwards its own agenda and receive the weaker state subservient. It is only motivated by selfish intentions.Denise Its really non as simple as that. Imperialism female genitalia take on more subtle forms. There can even be imperialism in trade, as when a superpower takes advantage of its economic clout to make a third world country agree to its onerous demands. Similarly, it is so easy to couch imperialism in words like democracy and order.Denise There is a great deal of economics involved, the need to pull together wealth. Towards the end of the 1800s, Britain felt that America was slowly catching up and was becoming the new economic superpower. threaten by these developments and wanting to protect valuable market share, Britain embarked on a strategy imperialism. Host How but did they go about thatDenise Well, they gained colonies for economic benefit and to increase their military might. They provided Britain with new markets and resources. Soon, the other developed countries like France, Germany and the United States followed suit. Host What continents or areas where particularly impacted by thisDenise Oh, definitely, A frica. The continent was too weak at the time to defeat the European Army and the Africans were easily suppressed. When Henry Stanley claimed the Congo River Valley for Belgium, it started the greedy mystify for pieces of this fertile land. For instance, France got Tunisia and Morocco and Italy took Libya. It was all about money and profit and gaining strategic strength.Host Do you agree, DoctorHassad Well, I agree that economics played a major part, but if we are to focus on economics alone, then Im afraid that it does not reflect the entire breadth of the problem. It is inaccurate to limit it merely to that.Host Why do you say thatHassad I think that at the heart of it really is the propensity of tender-hearted beings to think of other human beings that they perceive to be lower than them in stature as tools. Host How insightful and provocative. Could you please expound furtherHassad Let me put it this way - the objectives were not only especial(a) to acquiring resources. Captu red people were no different

How are staff recruitment practices affecting Al Rayyan bank's Research Paper

How are staff recruitment practices bear upon Al Rayyan banks performance - Research Paper ExampleIn this way, the banks recruitment handle can negatively be perceived, as of its failure in promoting diversity, equality and fairness. This problem could negatively postulate the banks image in the market but also its performance since employees who are non appropriately skilled could not answer to the needs of their position. Employers use different trainion methods to recruit and select appropriate people for the organization, because it is not possible to extract maximum emergeput from the employees if they are not hire according to the right selection process. Positivistic paradigm result be adapted for the research that supports vicenary research approach. The present research will apply regression analysis to evaluate questionnaire. Moreover, Cronbach Alpha will be used for testing validity and reliability of the responses, which will be collected from the employees of t he bank. For evaluating interview with HR manager, Thematic Analysis will be used by the research for making the result much authentic. The sample size of the questionnaire will be 50, and it will be based on simple random sampling. On the other hand, the HR manager of Masraf Al Rayan bank will be interviewed to find out the relationship of recruitment and selection process with performance of the bank.The establishment of effective recruitment policies is often considered as a key criterion for the success of organizations in the global market. In highly competitive industries, such as the bank industry, banks tend to use recruitment processes, which have been successfully used by competitors. Still, thither are banks that prefer to keep their recruitment process simple, probably believing that the ability of each employee to respond to the needs of his position can be only proved in practice, i.e. after exposing the employee to daily organizational problems.It has been seen fro m past empirical studies that

The connection between quality and environment Essay

The connection between quality and purlieu - Essay frameworkOther components are the universal natural resources along with the physical phenomena such as energy, electric charge, magnetic attraction and radiations. To have a quality environment, the components of the natural environment should be maintained, and not get polluted. (Smith and Aurora, 2006). It is because the natural environment provides quality natural resources to the milieu.The built environment relates to the quality of the environment due to the human efforts employed to advance the same environment. It refers to the surroundings that are human-made. (Roof and Oleru, 2008). The built environment gives the human activity setting that ranges from green space, buildings, lay and infrastructure. Good infrastructure and surroundings will enhance the quality of the environment by giving proper-conditioned surroundings to the living and non-living. (Roof and Oleru, 2008).From the discussion, environmental quality i s evaluated based on how natural or how built it is. The quality disposed to the environment comes from the benefits it brings in the form of natural resources or infrastructure. The natural environment ensures good natural environmental conditions while built environment give quality surroundings to the living. Thus, the two environments connect to create a quality

Health science Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Health science - Essay ExampleRepolarization It is a case where nerve cell membrane potential returns to negative value, back to resting membrane potential. This is due to movement of positively charged K+ ions out of the cell which takes less than a second.Frontal lobe It is the part of the lobe that controls important skills for humans, such as memory, emotions. separate responsibilities include primary motor function/ ability to consciously move our muscles and two key areas relate to speech.Some of the things we say to our friends are misinterpreted where they come up with their own stories. Recently my co-worker requested me to trace her to a dinner out of the city, which I declined with a good reason. The reason I declined the deal was because I was supposedly attending a nonher concert, and being the organizer, I had to see that all went well throughout the event. regrettably we later met with the same fella while in the company of another lady friend. Contrary to my expec tations, the colleague assumed that I had turned down her deal for a better one. I was not in a position to explain what happened in that moment, but fortunately I did later. It is thus true that it is not what is intended, but what is perceived matters.A pillowcase 2 diabetes treatment for newly diabetic patients recently has big(a) in complexity. Some of the older therapies continue to be supplemented by the new ones. Emerging research compares military strength and safety while monitoring these patterns critically. Some of the emerging trends include new classes of devices adding and drugs, thus improving lives for eccentric person 2 diabetes patients. The condition can also be treated by learning how to exercise and chose the obligation diet. Doctors are becoming more vigilant in treating diabetes. The current medical expertise is helping type 2 diabetes patients to be diagnosed and treated earlier than they once did. These trends like new medications advanced eating enclo the and new drug research through available technology will

Good bye Greek Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

rock-steady bye Greek - Assignment ExampleThe Council also has a broader perspective, which is to build collapsenership between the drill and the community with service. Ultimately, the Councils overall spirit is creating activities for campus pride and participation.On the opposite hand, the MUs Greek lead Council main goal is to strengthen a sense of community inwardly our campus as well as foreknow a perfect value founded institution. In partnership with the Greek Council, the students are in a persuasion to strengthen their identities and as such live in harmony during their campus life.To bring order and discipline within or outside the university, both the Councils should summate together and be bingle towards advocating for respect for each other and developing good values. The Council should have one agenda providing a student perspective in deciding and implementing the goals as well as the initiatives of the University. The cardinal Councils should bread the boun daries in terms of representation thus having one ideology. This ideology should aim at creating and overseeing a university with good values that provide an opportunity for both face-to-face and professional growth.To arrive at solutions during the negotiation, both the two teams should nominate two representatives, who will take part in the negotiating process. Further, the VP should be the moderator since he will be a neutral (Kinzie & Kuh, 2004). Additionally, each team should come up with their own solution after which the best solution will be arrived at. Through nominating two representatives, time will be properly

Outsourcing Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Outsourcing - Assignment ExampleOutsourcing has revolutionized processes in the workplace, provided tools and valuable data and information, and has done many things of grand importance to businesses and organisations. Literature Review This essay will focus on human option outsourcing (HRO) which is change state a trend particularly in the public sector. Human resource outsourcing affects performance of the staff. Human resource functions that be handled by an outsourcer provider are functions that some employees are used to performing. Businesses find outsourcing as an slow way to produce their products at low cost. Functions that cigarette be outsourced include human resources, financial exercise processing (for accounts payable), procurement, distri simplyion and logistics, and clinical data solicitude. One of the drawbacks for outsourcing is that it can reduce product quality. This usually happens if a company outsources without careful study and planning. It can also re duce innovation. Firms moldiness select areas in which they can concentrate their resources. Reduced innovation means lost creativity. Firms that outsource core competencies do not consider the importance of focusing on employees capability and knowledge considering that there is a relation between circumscribe employees and contented customers. Satisfied employees not just turn their attention on their organisation out of gratitude but provide good and faithful service to customers as payback to their organisation. (Cooke et al., 2005) Organisations should not rush into outsourcing. The firm must first analyse the business situation and conduct feasibility abridgment, define the parameters of the contract, and build a plastered relationship with the outsourcing company. There are several steps to be undertaken before deciding to make outsourcing a part of the companys functions. It is like initiating an intensive project management. There are four screens to delineate in condu cting the feasibility core competency screen, cost of control screen, goals screen, and scope screen. The feasibility study should clear define the core competency screen, i.e. what are core competencies and what are critical in the organisation? upshot activities refer to what a firm can do best and are crucial to the firms advantage while noncore activities refer to those which have lower impact on the firm. A detailed analysis of the requirements has to be done. When the costs exceed the benefits, outsourcing should not push through. Planning can proceed if the screens are unspoilt to the organization. In the evaluation, the executive team should be identified. The team will include those who will handle the analysis, the drawing card and the decision-maker. The outsourcing team should be composed of technical and managerial people, and representatives from user areas whose services will be now affected by the outsourcing. The people who will be responsible for oversight and management of the outsourcing arrangement and seller (supplier) relations must be properly identified and involved in drafting the contract. Technical and management issues must be properly stipulated in the contract. (Cooke et al., 2005) The supplier and buyer should have close coordination and communication, and a team must monitor the progress of the relationship. The monitoring team will conclude if the provisions of the contract are being followed. This has to be evaluated time and again to see if the

Animal paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Animal paper - Essay ExampleOftentimes this methodical rise and decay is accented by one or two acrobatic flips into the ocean air. Instrument + Range Although onerous to express the range of actions and shades of feelings, for this particular animal and the actions it undertakes in a given day I believe a bass violin would be the best instrument to suit this purpose. In this musical mode the low bass would symbolize the size and strength of the animal whereas the higher tenor sounds that could be generated along the upper reaches of the fingerboard could help to symbolize the shades of meaning, and thrill that the animal must feel when it rises to the fall out and/or get acrosss into the ocean air. Musical Dynamics Not surprisingly, the musical style must take on the dynamics of power, suspense, and thrill in order to accurately represent the actions of the cheetah. As such, the best model with which to do all of these things would be that of the classical symphony. The style a nd musical presence that could be provided would be sufficient to paint the mood and the strength that the animal engenders. Although some might consider the dynamics to necessarily be daily due to the fact that the animal is not one of a great deal of action however, this could be countered by the magnificence and power that the animal displays in all of its movements. Rather than a piece that relies on the integrated speed and tempo fast action, the work could display a broad routine of building dynamics coupled with crescendos and decrescendos and progressions in order to achieve the desired result. Texture Although the entire symphony would be utilized, the string sections would be relied upon to the greatest degree to provide the listener with the sense of a rush and setting and ensuant descent that would be manifest . Likewise, as the animal approaches the surface, the texture would fill to provide use of all violins, cellos, and bass violins to provide the sense that th e desired goal and/or action is nearly completed. Likewise, with the jump into the ocean air, I would employ use of the first violin section with the brass. This would be affected by having the violins run a quick progression of notes to indicate the jump then suspend their music spell the brass section provides a powerful solitary note to be concluded by a strong conclusion of the action by the cymbals/percussion section. Rhythm Section As described manifold times already, it leave behind be up to the individual musical elements to help to describe the power, magnificence, and strength of the colossus (Rothenberg, 2012). However, the rhythm section will be relied up on heavily to provide the listener with the collocate with actions that the goliath undertakes. Likewise, the timpani will be used to emphasize the power and strength that are exhibited in nearly every action. Further percussion will serve to accent the movements and activities to include the jump and subsequent c rash back into the ocean water. Likewise, a snare drum could easily be used to come to the release of the oxygen the whale has been holding in its lungs for such a very long expiration of time. Melody Style In this piece the melody style that will be employed will be that of a conjunct melody. By using such a means of melodical expressions, the slow, methodical, graceful, and majestic movements that the whale makes during its ascent and subsequent descent could be amplified to the listener. Likewise, the pitch of the melody will necessarily

Contemporary Architectural Design and Property Development Essay

Contemporary Architectural Design and Property Development - Essay ExampleIn general, a religion means a strict, unwritten code of essential rules (including morals and traditions) established by humans in order to control social life of their society.Vastu and Feng-Shui is a part of old traditions and conclusion of Chinese and Indian societies. In a time, they became popular in all Asian countries. Both of the concepts call to the science of planning buildings, travelways, and graves such that they will get maximum benefits and minimum damage from the the cosmos. more than specifically, Feng-Shui addresses wind, water, and other natural forces. Natural forces in this case include dandy and bad luck, which are explicitly compared to wind. The idea of both approaches is that inhabitants of a well-sited home, or descendants of some unmatchable buried in a good gravesite, give notice expect wealth, sons, status, and security to flow to them. Rajgopal (2002) explainsThe rebirth of V astu Shastra parallels contemporary spiritual movements arising all over the institution that seek to connect with a higher energy, draw closer to the mysteries of the universe, and contribute to a major prototype shift (p. 33).However, focally, Vastu and Feng-Shui in... s a true folk science, as recognized by the first occidental observer to comment extensively on it and by many Chinese and Westerners since Vastu and Feng-Shui also involve an aflame response to landscapes (Freeman, 2005). In India, excellent work is being done which shows not only that modem architecture can be given a worthy landscape setting, but also that it may soon be possible to find landscape architects who can deal imaginatively with the vast bracing opportunities created for them by fresh town and country planning. But no large body of recognizably modern font landscape architecture exists, and in only a few countries is there a strong school of designers (Pegrum, 2000). In modern Asian (and Indian) architecture the two great motive forces of the modern movement are on the one hand the bleak opportunities being created by technical and social progress and on the other the new structural proficiencys. In landscape architecture new opportunities are certainly being created, but the technique of garden construction is still fundamentally the same as it was in the eighteenth century. The three important principles of Veda are right orientation, right placement, and right proportion (Rajgopal, 2002, p. 34). Even the invention of modern earth-moving machinery, which may expect revolutionary, has in fact merely accelerated and cheapened processes which were used by old builders. Rajgopal (2002) explains that The reason for da Gamas disheartenment was that all buildings constructed in Kerala, regardless of the faith of their inhabitants, were built according to the principles of Vastu Shastra by takshagans-- skilled craftsmen-carpenters well poetise in the ancient science (p. 34) .Today, in Vastu and Feng-Shui, in spite of the advance of science and the discovery of new plants,

Organization as a Machine Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

system as a Machine - Essay ExampleIt also adopts British Telecom as the eccentric study. Overall functioning structure of traditional organization using machine fiction Evidently, machine metaphor plan has immensely contributed to growth prospects of various institutions due to its noble ideals and synergies. Morgan (2007) asserted that, it has in stilled basic elements and ideals, which organizations should embrace. He further stated that, organizations are all about effective interaction, predictability, reliability and controllability at various points of natural action through integrated systems, which instills sanity. In particular, machine metaphor concept is a system, which provides a comprehensive keep an eye on of institutions through detailed interaction of various elements, which facilitates predictability, and control of events (Odubiyi, 2012). Clearly, organizations must adopt predictable and reliable occupation practices including market positioning to ensure so und performance, which is a critical aspect for most institutions. Mechanistic lot is a noble concept, which considers institutions as holistic entities, which moderate under strong combination of manageable components. As indicated by Odubiyi (2012), major components, which requires effective management includes organisational chart, billet description, policies, operational plans and people. Critically, machine metaphor concept facilitated growth in various traditional institutions due to its effective management and control ideals, which ensured delivery of run based on quality policies. Consequently, the concept enhanced organizations competitive capacity through development of quality production and business techniques, which were accurately coordinated in similar form as machine operation. practicable structure is also a vital pillar, which influences growth in various in situations. As say by McCrimmon (2012), functional structures enhances decision making process in i nstitutions hence should be effective and operate within set guidelines. He stated that poor functionality of various organizational components through inferior guidelines gather in contributed to liquidation of many institutions globally. As such, corporations should adopt viable and well structured operating levels with comprehensive job delegation to enhance quality in choice making. Clearly, machine metaphor provides requisite incentives through its structured network system, which enhances management and control at various levels towards formulation of quality decisions (Morgan & Rotunda, 2006). Ideally, modern institutions require conjectural systems, which ensure business accountability and structured way of executing duties at various levels of operation. Evaluation of organizational functional departments

Tata case - pricing Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Tata - pricing - Case Study ExampleThis is in addition to the investigate and development situated in those same parts of countries. Its first commercial vehicle was manufactured in 1954 with a company called Daimler- Benz (Bhaktavatsala, 1993).After acquiring risk in a Hispano Carrocera which specializes in manufacturing buses and coaches and from then, decided to similarly venture in bus and coach manufacturing. The company has been involved a spree of acquiring bet in companies or forming joint ventures with other car manufacturing and then doing the same production. Examples of the companies it has partnered with through acquiring their stakes or through joint ventures or even buying include, jaguar Land rover, Hispano Carrocera, Marcopolo, Daewoo, Trilix and many others. This is in a bid to cut on the cost of having to start a new product altogether.Tata is an Indian company that with a vision to manufacture cheap and affordable vehicles targeting Indian population whose mid dle gradation has been rising with while. Its first fully indigenous passenger car was launched in the year 1998 and nick named it the Indica. In an attempt to manufacture even more cheap and affordable cars for the Indian population who prefer travelling together with their family members, Tata launched in 2008 a small but spacious car called Tata Nano. This car was the cheapest world-wide by the time it was launched.The company in trying to set affordable but right legal injurys for its Nano cars seem to have had any(prenominal) considerations in mind including profitability to the company, economic status of Indians, the prices of Nano Parts, and the installations that are put in it. The companys design of the car makes the car cheap by not having expensive stereos that normally accompany expensive cars. The company worked from top downwards to arrive at this affordable car to many. They first set the highest price then worked downwards to design and develop a car with mater ials that would add up to this amount.The

SWOT Analysis Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

SWOT Analysis - Research Paper ExampleThe respiratory tract is known for embracing inventive technology to advance the client experience. The smart set traces its origins back to 1932 an amalgamation with booster cable Air service in the year 1934 established the biggest air passage in Alaska, which ultimately became Alaska Airlines. Contrasting the correspondence of the economy, Alaska has been experiencing increasing important revenues from oil dealings and tourism. Air travel is Alaskas largest type of transportation ascribable to the natural features of the region and weather. Alaska has above one thousand airports along with 3000 avenues of landing. The airline immensely contributes to the states economy through air travel because Alaskan travels constitute a large percentage of overall air travelers in the United States. Alaska Airlines is committed towards offering convenient, quality and affordable air transport operate to its clients as well as service to the state, nation and vast society. Values of commitment, ethics, integrity and quality decree the operations of the airline comp any and atomic number 18 the reasons behind its huge successes. II. Organizational Strengths and Weaknesses Alaska Airlines has a strong and true customer base in Alaska State, where it is a dominant player. This is among the strengths that the airline community has in the sense that the company drive out rely on its vast customer base to expand and introduce new products, which go out be readily acceptable in the market (Gates, 2006). A strong customer base is a distinctive strength because it positions a corporation so that it arsehole operate in the market better. Customers are the essence of any company, and a reliable pool of customers who are loyal to a company is estimable for the firm. Therefore, Alaska airlines can benefit from its large customer base by expanding its operation to serve other regions and countries as well as introducing new services and products. In fact, the most credible significance of this strength is that Alaska airlines can utilize customer feedback to launch its strategies and products. Alaska Airlines is a huge contributor to the economy of Alaska State this could be a nonher(prenominal) major strength of the company in the sense that it endears the airline company to the government. As a result, the airline can obtain better services. It can be considered a distinctively competent strength because it can propel the company to greater heights in the market. For instance, the airline can benefit from government lose in line with its great contribution to the economy. Alaska airline has several flunkes, which ought to be addressed to avoid any inconveniences in the process of its business operations. The airline relies so much on the geographical and climate conditions, and a majority of its customers hail from the state of Alaska. This is considered as a failing because should other airline companie s venture into Alaska, the company may lose its market share, which is primarily based in Alaska. The organization can minimize this weakness by expanding into other states and countries (Ritcher & Pahl, 2009). The strategy of Alaska Airlines is targeting the passenger traffic as an indicator of its corporate success. This is considered a weakness because it could trigger an organizational failure due to lack of broader strategic planning. In essence, passenger traffic is not

Sichuan dumplings with soy sauce caramel Essay Example for Free

Sichuan dumplings with sojaa behave caramel EssayRate this recipe2,302207,4,1,02,302207,4,2,02,302207,4,3,02,302207,4,4,02,302207,4,5,017 votesRecipe by Rishi Desai ContestantMakes 20Ingredients2 cups (200g) moist coconut flakes or shredded coconut60g ribbon sugar, coarsely grated teaspoon ground cinnamon bark teaspoon ground cardamom teaspoon ground nutmeg1 teaspoon Sichuan peppercorns125ml ( cup) milk20 gow gee wrappersVegetable oil, for heat up110g ( cup) brown sugar250ml (1 cup) thickened cream2 tablespoons dark soy sauceAdd to Shopping ListMethod1. To make the filling, combine coconut, palm sugar, cinnamon, cardamom, nutmeg, peppercorns and milk in a saucepan set over low heat. Cook for about 5 minutes or until the palm sugar has melted, stirring often. Transfer mixture to a blender and blend to a coarse paste.2. engineer 1 tablespoon of filling into the middle of a wrapper, and lightly brush edges with water. Using your fingers, gently flirt the edges of the wrappe r together, crimping at intervals to seal, forming dumplings with a flat base. Repeat with remaining filling and wrappers.3. In batches if necessary, shoes dumplings in a large steamer basket, sitting over a saucepan or wok just now filled with boiling water. Steam for 10 minutes or until wrappers are tender. Remove and set aside on a tray lined with baking paper.4. Heat oil in a large frying pan set over medium heat. Cook the base of the dumplings for about 1-2 minutes or until golden brown.5. Meanwhile, to make the soy caramel, place brown sugar, cream and soy sauce in a saucepan over low heat. Bring to a simmer, and cook for about 10 minutes or until a thick caramel. Transfer caramel to a jug.6. To serve, place wontons on a plate and serve with soy sauce caramel.Print RecipeRecipe CardCreate PDF.

War on Terror Essay Example for Free

war on Terror turn upI, myself, before September 11, 2001 did not bop what terrorism was. It is completely a new term for me, and I could never figure how terrible it is. But then, experiencing and witnessing the feeling of losing the virtuoso you loved who was a victim of that disaster, I recognized that the world is no longer as safe as before. Today, not only the States but also Britain, Spain, Indonesiabecame the target of terrorists. The terror tissue is the just about challenged thing for all the authoritiess to solve. Even though after September 11, 2001, US has attacked and destroyed a lot terrorists bases in over the world, the terrorists still give-up the ghost and keep aiming to US and its allies. thither is an old proverb of ancient Asian military understanding yourself and your enemies is the attain to win every battle. Thus, in order to annihilate terrorism, we need to comprehend what it is. From the book War on Terror of Patrick Coaty, we pass on be able u nderstand deeply how and why terror has an influence in our society by basing on 3 perspectives terror and international environment, terror and state, and terror with individual.Terror was starting signal employ From the French revolution to the end of World War II as a diaphysis to clean the monarchy in a society by the Jacobins, terrorist groups of French revolution. Then terror was developed when the Soviets imperil and exploited people. Opponents were starved to death. The state controlled what a person ate, wore and even drank. It was evaluated as reliable for Soviet society. The Soviets engaged terror to break the traditional societal structure that evolved during the Czars reign. Under the judgment of conviction Soviets ruled the country, the spreading amongst the poor and the rich became larger. The rich became richer and they hide the poor to work for them. Later on, that created the food shortfall in the urban of the society because the rich only produced what the y needed for life instead of what society needed. The vocation of the Soviet Union is to confine the balance of entire society by control the products of rich peasants.However, they did not success, and that was also the reason why the Soviet Union is collapsed later. Eventually, terrorism evolved under Hitlers reign to essentially killing people to take control and gaining power by combining it with the law of nature power of the state. Hitler intimate from the experience of Stalin of Russia he killed all of the people that helped him to become a leader. The Military Organization combined with the Gestapo which was one of the four organizations of the German Workers Party, and was responsible for the killings of millions people. As a result of World War II, the join Nations, which were the eternal members of the U.N Security Council include Great Britain, France, Russian and the Soviet Union, China and the United States, was established to prevent hereafter wars and genoci des.The United Nation has an obligation to provide international peace and security. Unfortunately, each member has different perspectives and ship canal to maintain their influences over the world, and that led to the forming of a favorable environment for terrorist groups and their state sponsors. The nation liberation is some other type of terror. During the cold war, many countries were established by using the violence to gain the power. We saw the company between Soviet Union and groups that used terror as an expression of national revolutionaries to destabilize the government alike(p) revolutionaries in Vietnam, Cuba, and Korea. These attacks convey these similarities support from the state, the element of surprise and the access to international media. To gain more power and more influences to other half of the world, Soviet Union and its allies such as Syria, Libya secretly supported the terror group and used them as a political tool to break drink down the Western co untries.The terror groups such as PFLP and the PLO usually targeted to citizen of Israel, and US allies. Although the ending of tension and completion between the Soviet Union and the United States led to the termination of the Soviet Union, and many of the terrorist of groups based in the United States and Western Europe began wither after Communism fell, terrorism did not disappear. In order to maintain and survive, terrorism call for to have a sponsor. The state sponsors of terrorism are between Iran, Syria and their sponsorship group Hezbollah. Iranians have expanded their impact through the Middle East and mainly in Lebanon by helping with the launching of Hezbollah. The Iranian administration has taken part in direct kidnapping and slaying of hundreds of Americans starting with the U.S. nautical barrack attack in Lebanon in 1983. In the mean era, while not directly responsible for the killing of Americans, the Syrian made the terrorist attacks possible by letting the Irania n provide Hezbollah with military needs that the United State Department has approximately calculated is about 80 million dollars a year. subsequently the attack of 9/11, the US government has discovered that Al-Qaeda was behind. September 11th, an important event for al-Qaeda, pronounced the change of al-Qaeda from an organization to a movement. The U.S. pushes the September 11th attacks, issue of the counter-terrorism to the top. Unlike the other groups of terrorist like Hezbollah which require a sponsor to make their move, Al-Qaeda has their own financial system. Al-Qaeda makes gain from our needs for drugs and oil. Another way to earn silver quickly of Al-Qaeda is trading heroin for money and weapons it is hard for US government keeps an eyes on what Al Qaeda did to prevent them on time in the future. Moreover, Al Qaeda also used charities as a cover to raise the blood for the attack their enemy, Americans. Bin Laden, a leader of Al Qaeda, made a speech that all Americans wil l be the target of attack because they pay tax for the government.Before 9/11, Al Qaeda has triple-crown bombed World Trade Center of US, but US government failed to destroy all terrorists at that time. in that respect are three different levels of plans to fight the counter-terrorism. The three are criminal justice, preemptive strategy to counter-terrorism and targeted killing. desire criminal justice, the domestic police power of the state treats terrorist the same way one would treat kidnappers, commit robbers or murderers. Although international public opinion is generally in agreement that those that preach and actively use terrorist tactics to spread their humors must be stopped, there is a problem when the U.S. uses means that go against the idea of humane and fair treatment of those being pursued. This is shown by the negative reaction of many Americans to the length of time suspected terrorists have been imprisoned on Guantanamo Bay and the mistreatment of suspected te rrorist in the prisons of Iraq.However, to wait for the terrorists to come to U.S. flaw is to play with fire. It does not know when and where their next attack will be. How to prevent terrorism is one of the most concerning problem of the government. Supporting the terrorists group is one way helps them gain more power and influence. Therefore, the government had ameliorate find a way to cut off all the connection between them and their sponsor than seek to rummage everywhere and destroy terrorists one by one. The government has to tighten the security. The lack of security on our borders has also made it possible for terrorist to live among us and to train and organize without our consent. It is the best to let the police and army always be prepared and practice every single day.Protecting and checking status and lifetime of every citizen cannot be neglected. As a citizen, we should and have to report some suspicious actions of stranger to police. There are a lot of plans bein g given, but it is said above that we will not know when and where their next attack will be. All we can do is being prepared and knowing how to protect not only ourselves but also people we cherish. Our government needs our help and cooperation. . Although we dont know that the attack like 9/11 would happen in the future or not, it would be a good start in letting the average individual improves their understanding the elements in the War on Terror.

The Importance of Deductive Reasoning Essay Example for Free

The Importance of Deductive Reasoning EssayWe sop up decisions every day that impact our lives. Some individuals, just do not realize how much. Whether we realize it or not, everything we do and say, is a result of a decision we have made. There is no easy fashion to change the fact that we make decision, however we potbelly change how we approach the decision, resulting in better outcomes from reservation better choices. If an individual knew what the results of doing something will intercept up being, then, they can decide if that is the best course of swear out or decision that they want to make. If an individual knows all of their options and the outcomes of those choice they can deduce from the best choice.When making a decision, such as buying a car, you need to know all of your options and what responsibilitys they will include, how high is the interest rate? What will your payments and insurance be? Do you want to finance the car or lease it? These atomic number 1 8 all just some of things that need to be judgement about when you are looking to buy. By knowing everything before you decide to purchase something you will not be caught off guard when you find out how high or how much the payments are. Also if you could in reality afford the car and if you had been better off not purchasing it. It is so important to know and sympathise what is known prior to making a decision because it could and most of the time will affect others and yourself.The appendage of deductive think overhauls in the understanding of an argument because it starts with a general statement and then attains at a specific conclusion. According to Moore, B.M. Parker, R. (2012) Its main purpose is not to make you either more smooth-tongued or a better contestant against others, but to improve your ability to come to conclusions that are represent and make decisions that are wise. Deductive reasoning is like, thinking of as your guideline, for using the premise to the end of your conclusion. For example all red haired women are vegetarians. Julia Roberts is a rad haired women. Therefore Julia Roberts is a vegetarian.Deductive reasoning helps aid in understanding an argument by an argument is the attempt to support a introduce by providing reasons for accepting it (Moore, B.M. Parker, R. 2012). By avoiding certain kinds of problems by defining the key terms in a claim can help with the aiding in a deductive argument. Having all the facts and information can help make better life choices.In conclusion thinking critical and having deductive reasoning can making your life a little less stressful and you a happier person. Not to mention others, if you are a boss and you think about the cause and effect actions that you have on them, it can drive home you stress from losing a valuable employee and money. There is that saying think before you act.

The American Civil War Essay Example for Free

The American Civil War EssayThe impact that religion had on reforms from the 1820s to the 1850s can clearly be seen in the effect that it had in contributing to the American Civil War. Religion played a key map in the different positions that the North and the South were going to take with regard to the phone number of slavery. The Presbyterian, Baptist and Methodist t to each oneings espoused themes of two unity and separation.This was echoed well during the activities in 1837, 1844 and 1845, respectively, when the bond of national unity was broken. Instead of unifying a country, to the highest degree of the religious influences during this time caused the alienation of most sectors by projecting distorted images. In turn, this led to the make-up of independent sects in a once united country. This rift and sectional independence was sustained by the growing moral outrage that each side felt for each other.The overemphasis of the church, during this period, on individualism failed to depart the leadership necessary to steer the nation through many issues, none more pivotal than that of slavery. An pillow slip of this would be the reforms instituted by the Republican Party. These reforms were rooted on a form of Calvinism that was deeply moderated. The southern evangelicals on the other hand, attempted to resist the influence of religion into politics by supporting the confederacy.The opposite reforms that each side was about to take from the 1820s to the 1850s was caused by the inability of religion to collectively and squarely address the issue of slavery. For the north, it was reforms that were rooted on social action while the South focused their reforms on personal piety. term both sides championed the Bible in their quest to resolve the issue on slavery, they each took opposing opinions which eventually took them down the path of one of the most radical reforms in American history.

Portfolio Models Essay Example for Free

Portfolio Models EssayThe white plague of portfolio perplexs in grocerying has been gaining increasing use since sixties. The portfolio models were substantial with the aim of helping in the development of merchandise sh be and emersion. These models have been apply as st rankgical thinking model in the making of blood last. These models include BCG, General electric/ eggshell, Hofner-Schendel, companionship edit forbidden and Porters Competitive models. Each model has been criticized on the capabilities and according to its mountain chain on market place sh be. These models have been nominate to learn to the wrong closing in investment and early(a) business processes. The portfolio models assume a causal relationship between the market share and the profitability of a reaping in the market. The common scope of portfolio models is the way it tries to ignores some of the most relevant strategic issues in business. in that locationfore, all models cannot be t aken as an effective strategic decision making model. It should however be discarded or it should be apply with caution. This paper does not recommend the use of portfolio models and an alternative way should be sought to replace this. groundingPortfolio models can be defined as a method or strategy in which a refreshed product ordain be introduced in the market and perform as it was expected. In the 1960s, in that respect was growing assertion of the use of portfolio models in marketing. There was growing interest on the development of market share and growth strategy which later came to be known as marketing portfolio. The BCG hyaloplasm, Hofner-Schendel, Experience dilute and Porters Competitive models and GE/S were meant to achieve the marketing sine qua nons especially when introducing new products in the market.They were meant to wake up strategic thinking especially among the senior marketing executives in the turbulent business environment. However, there has been d isfunction of these models in the way they are taught and the way they are applied in the market. This subscribe will visit into the applicability of portfolio models in strategic decision making in marketing. The study will evaluate the quite a little from a number of literature to understand whether the model can really be applied to the decision making process or not.This paper therefore evaluates the available literature which has given an insight into this model to understand how it can be applied in strategic marketing decision. There are new(prenominal) methods that were introduced to give a product a distinctive market share especially when its introduced. There are four commonly used methods to approach this matter, the capital of Massachusetts consulting group (BCG), the General electric/shell (GE/S), Hofner-Schendel, Experience trim back and Porters Competitive models.Therefore to give the clear meaning of the portfolio model, there is a need to understand how the po rtfolio models work. The first step to be taken when employ the above models is to understand the different business/ marketing strategies of the play along. Portfolio models in marketing decisions Portfolio models management generally defines the way business comes up with strategic decision to venture into the market. In this definition, the strategic marketing decision is a method by which marketing ideas are made and implemented in order for a product to have stronger grounds in the market.At any one time, play along will be coming up with new product which will need to be introduced to the market in the most successful way. Portfolio models therefore provide the business with classical tools for analyzing of the strategic decision to determine their effectiveness in the market (Abell and Hammond, 1979, p. 42). Purpose of portfolio models in strategic decision making in marketing There are mainly four main purpose of using the portfolio models in the strategic marketing deci sions which are pursued in portfolio management and must be achieved through with(predicate) any model that is used.These goals include the maximization of portfolio, seeking of the right balance of the available projects, ad neverthe slight of the portfolio strategically, and aligning the projects to the available resource (Ansoff, 1984, p. 12). Smith and Swinyard (1999, p. 2) also show that portfolio marketing models are cardinal for an organization to valuate the overall success of a new product in the market before a pack of money is used in the development of the product. They both call for the use of multiple marketing models in order to achieve the overall success of introducing new products in the market.This will reduce the failure rate of the products and extend their disembodied spirit cycle in the market. (Thomas, 2002, p. 61) The models can also be used as important tools to portend the level of competition and therefore draw upon effective way of beating this co mpetition. They help to forecast the performance of a product in the market so as to draw up strategies to in effect introduce it in the market. Edgett, Cooper, and Kleinschmidt (2002, p. 2) showed that in order to achieve full development of a new product in the market, there has to be effective portfolio management.There are different types of portfolio models that include the BCG, GE/S, Hofner-Schendel, Experience Curve and Porters Competitive models. In his review of the portfolio models, Day (1977, p. 32) showed that the use of bubble diagrams had been gaining increasing use in business. Day shows that these models resemble the portfolio models with stars, cash cows, dogs, and another(prenominal)s. He showed that these models could be used successfully to forecast the market in the future.Day therefore assert the role of hyaloplasm like Boston intercellular substance in marketing. The Boston matrix could be used to show four quadrants as has been shown by Day and correspondin g strategies which could be used in each quadrant. However Day criticizes the matrix on the sense that it is too finalise on its scope. He asserts that the BCG matrix has a narrow focus on the market share of the product. On the other hand Morrison and Wensley (1991, p. 106) provided an insight into the portfolio planning models as used in making business decision.They asserted that the use of BCG matrix in portfolio management is inhibited by difficulties in measurement of the rate of market growth and the relative market share of the product. This is due to a number of cerebrates. They gave the most prominent reason being the fact that market boundaries are often very difficult to fix which meant the different matrix methods will give different recommendations for a given situation. Therefore they argue that the common scope of BCG matrix in a way ignores some of the most relevant strategic issues in business.Though these other models are not as famous as BCG, Day still argues t hat use of them could also lead to success in the market. Day advocated and recommended the use of Porters competitiveness that he viewed to have higher possibilities of success than other models if its well implemented. It is commonly used in an already operating business with other products in the market. The recognise curve can only be help to the company that has been in the market for sometime with a different product.The experience that the company has gained in the given period will determine the strength of the company in the market. This has been used by several companies like coca-cola in the introduction their mineral water. It would be sullen for a company that has not been doing well in the market to succeed with the new product. They showed that Boston matrix was a technique for one season and not for all the season. This is because its popularity and use increased in the 1960s and 1970s and then plummeted due to the challenges faced in the market.They showed that th e single chart could be successfully used to determine the growth potential and the competitive strength of a product in the market only this has rapidly changed with time. Armstrong and Brodie (1994, p. 38) evaluation on the applicability of the Boston matrix concluded that the use of the matrix to chair investors often would result to wrong decision through the use of BCG. General Electric and Shell, Porters competitive models are designed for long term use in the market, once the product has been introduced in the market, the models techniques still continues to stand up the product through the entire life in the market.Whichever model is used, it has to be used for entire life of the company because no other model will fit without altering the companies business especially when the company is introducing new product in the market. Although they based their study on a small number of graduates in a class, they gave a further warning against the use of the matrix in a simple mi nd. Armstrong and Brodie (1994, p. 3) carried out a study on the effect of the portfolio planning methods on the overall decision making process.Their study pointed out the weakness in the use of BCG matrix in making strategic decision in an organization. Their study revealed that the use of BCG matrix in making investment decisions was highly likely to lead to profitless investment while Robert and Merton (1989, p. 210) advocates that the implementation of other models instead of matrix were intended for lifetime decision making. If not well implemented, there is a probability of causing life time losses and would be difficult to recover unless the product is withdrawn from the market.Each model has some weaknesses bas they are exposed out in the way models assume a casual relationship between the market share and the profitability of a product in the market. Morison and Wesley (1991, p. 26) also pointed out lack of consistency in the use of the portfolio models in determine mark et growth and profits. These studies give varied views on the use of Boston matrix, GE/S, Hofner-Schendel, Experience Curve and Porters Competitive models in making marketing decision. They all seem to point out on the weaknesses of these models in light of their theory and application.There are other ways a business can brandish other than using portfolio models. The strategies used in introducing the product in the market is all that matters, portfolios are just to give the business a rough idea on how to approach the marketing matter just now not to give a conclusive tread which the business should follow. Conclusion Portfolio models are applied in portfolio management. They are applied in management to make strategic marketing decision. Though they had gained increasing use in different times, they have some weaknesses that are fatal to the welfare of the business in future.On the other hand they may give a rough idea on how to approach the market issues and on how to introduc e the new product in the market. In all portfolios, not is able to ring the growth and the profit margins or losses on the other hand for the product, thus making them less important tool for the marketing. However the use of models should be discarded and there be implemented new strategies that would be able to address the issues of the business on long term and in both growth and revenues that are likely to be gained by the introduced product.Recommendations The use of portfolio models is not recommended and if they have to be used, they must be implemented with great caution. None of all models has proofed an effective strategic decision making in regard to the marketing issues. It should however be discarded or it should be used with caution. This paper does not recommend the use of portfolio models and an alternative way should be sought to replace this.

Gender Equality Essay Example for Free

gender Equality quizIrrespective of the country and the cultures people live in, it is next to impossible to keep the question of gender comparison hidden in the mod society. When the word gender equality was voiced in the 19th nose candy what was been sought was political rights. Not only then but also today inequality surrounded by men and women has been evident in our society. Discrimination against women is an act that has had a lot of negative impact in our society and to the women themselves. This has been demonstrated through gender violence, economic difference, reproductive health inequalities and harmful traditional practices.It is a concern to the whole world to a point of making the affirmative action to fix this problem. Gender equality first and foremost is a human right women atomic number 18 entitled to live in dignity and in freedom from fear and want (Tomasevski, 1993). Should men and women be equal in the new(a) society? Men and women ar equal only that women are victims of pervert social progress. Gender discrimination between men and women leads to unequal access to the resources and benefits of development.see moregender discrimination short set aboutGender inequality affects all people sustainable gains in development and poverty reduction are only possible when men and women are full and equal participants in society. Men and women are diverse but they are equal in that whatever men can do their women counter move can do it intimately. Men and women are equal what brings the discrimination is the socialization that men and women get. The notion that women are weak has denied many women with the ability to exploit the abilities they have (Tierney, 2007).Men and women are equal in so many aspects and should be equal. Politically, financially and academically no such(prenominal) difference that can be noted, it is insignificant. In the political realms there are women who are doing extemporal well. Taking the example o f the just concluded US option Hillary Clinton had good support and motions that would be bought by the rest of the candidates. In the world of business we have Oprah Winfrey an exponent of what women can do. She is competing among the men in that field and still her success is a threat to many.In the in advance(p) society women have been known to take responsibilities of raising the families. Women have come up so well in that their dependency level is going down even though they are discriminated in salaries. This is a proof enough that if women are given equal opportunity with men they can do much well. In the employment sector women are taking those opportunities which were thought to be for men (Kramarae Spender, 2000). Women are managers of gargantuan companies and also owners just as men. They are also well represented in the government sectors and in the government.They have become career makers. Men have the initiative of sharing the household responsibilities. It is a customary occurrence that couples can choose whether it is the woman or the man who will get a extend to take care of their new borne baby. Men and women are equal in the eyes of the law they are subjected under the same law. Women are equal to men in all aspects hence in the modern society they should get the right to basic needs, education, job training and employment as men do. Empowering women is a great tool for reducing poverty and advancing development.Empowered women contribute to productivity and health in the families and communities and hence improved prospects for the next generation (Cross, 2001). The idea that men are stronger physically is just a preference of a few. If women are given similar opportunities as men they can perform evenly well. Denial of opportunity has contributed to decreased performance of women in various areas. On the other hand both(prenominal) women and men should not forget their roles though sharing of responsibilities is taking root in t he modern society. References Cross, P. L.(2001) Womens Rights are Human Rights Human Rights are Womens Rights. Retrieved on twenty-ninth Dec, 2008 from http//www. pinn. net/sunshine/essays/w_rights. html Kramarae, C. , Spender D, (2000) Routledge multinational Encyclopaedia of Women Global Womens Issues and Knowledge. ISBN 0415920906, 9780415920902, Routledge Tierney, J. (2007) Men and Women, Different but Equal Whats the Problem? Retrieved on 29th Dec, 2008 from http//tierneylab. blogs. nytimes. com/2007/09/09/men-and-women-different-but-equal-whats-the-problem/ Tomasevski, K. , (1993). Women and Human Rights. ISBN 185649120X, 9781856491204, Zed Books

Pre-1914 literature Arthur Conan Doyle Essay Example for Free

Pre-1914 literature Arthur Conan Doyle EssayThe previous pair of quotes signifi behindtly carries the tight-laced assumption of evil and unavowed foreigners. niminy-piminys associated drugs with the Far East As I entered, a sw anyow of Malay at raceant, and the rascally Lascar who runs it has sworn to contain vengeance upon me. Both these quotes suggest similar nature in the Victorian attitude to others of different origins. The drugs and inebriant is un moderately associated with Malaysia cosmos a Far Eastern country, this unfairly creates unnecessary judgements ab protrude the atmosphere of the country. Lascar was a Victorian term used to label an East Indian (Pakistani) sailor army servant. The Lascar in The humanness with the Twisted Lip was described as rascally Lascar, although this indicates that the den runner is Asian nevertheless when when in any case the description creates an image of a mischievous soulfulness. We have seen how Arthur Conan Doyle has used stereotypical perspectives in his work to punish the magnanimousness. The Victorians fe ard that the culture and customs of non British people, they felt threatened by foreigners Sherlock Holmes was a method of reassurance in which the Victorian culture and values were still respected.During the Victorian era in that respect were three sets of syndicate amidst people. The highest fork were called the Aristocracy, the middle split up were called the Merchants, and the lowest class were known as the curt. The aristocracy lived a feel of luxury and had huge amounts of materialistic wealth and possessions. The aristocracy were all educated and had a high spot amongst all people. The merchants could have possibly been literate, but they were not as highly renowned compared to the aristocracy, but they were burst off compared to the poor. The merchant class would do a certain job for a living.Lastly, the poor were very uneducated and lived in awful conditions. They were dete sted by the aristocracy because of their lack of hygiene and also because of their class. The aristocracy at the time of the Victorian era were seen as the most intelligent, in The Speckled mob we are clearly shown that Holmes is of the upper class Very soon to knock you up Watson he uses upper class speech. Holmes in The Speckled Band also shows his intelligence No, but I observe the second half(prenominal) of a return ticket this quote shows the wise and intelligent remarks Holmes uses.The upper class were also shown to be very respective and polite, in A study in Scarlet, Holmes shows his upper class etiquettes His eyes fairly glittered as he spoke, and he put his hand everywhere his heart and bowed, as it to some applauding meeting conjured up by his imagination. The upper class would help and always relate to each other, in The alarming Batchelor I presume they were hardly from the same class of society, No I am descending, My last leaf node of the sort was a king.Holmes tells a client that he has worked for a King. In another Sherlock Holmes refreshing The Adventure of Black Peter he frequently refused his help to the powerful and wealthy where the problem do no appeal to his sympathies. These quotes show how Holmes who is of the upper class helps the upper class only if the problem is actualy a valid one for him to have nay interest in. In the customs of Victorian culture Victorian gentlemen were intelligent and rational thinkers and also family leaders and role models.If a man of the upper class fails to find out these fundamental aspects of a well character military personnel they would be known as a fall gentleman. In The Speckled Band Dr Roylott is a perfect example of a fall gentleman he beat his native butler to death and narrowly escaped a capital sentence, he close himself up in his house and seldom came out save to indulge in ferocious quarrels with whoever baron cross his path. Violence of temper approaching to mania. Dr Roylott is a fallen gentleman, some aspects which make him one is that he is a murderer and has a violent nature.Another perfect example of a fallen gentleman can be found in The Man with the Twisted Lip, the character Mr St. Clair displays clear characteristics of a fallen gentleman to my relief, that instead of being identified as Mr Neville St. Clair, I was arrested as his murderer. Mr St. Clair has been caught acting as a beggar to earn money when he seemed to be a of the higher class standards. Doing such things was an frank big offence to the Victorian customs.The aristocracy thought of themselves as supreme and pure, they never did any strong-arm work that could discolour their skin a pale vista (From The Man with the Twisted Lip). The aristocracy tend to have very pale skin, indicating that they do not work, because work can causes skin discolouring. Hygiene was a very important aspect of everyday aristocracy life, in The Speckled Band, it is very unusual that Holmes packs a toothbr ush when he is off to investigate an incident That and a toothbrush are, I think, all that we need.As well as hygiene, appearance was obviously a very important item addressed in everyday upper class life. From The Man with the Twisted Lip we are shown such as he had started to town in, he has on neither collar nor necktie. This quote reveals to us how important this was to the upper class. This is demonstrating that a man of high class would never be seen without a tie around his neck. The merchant class were not as intelligent and as respected as the aristocracy.The middleclass were not break dance than the upper class. As justified by the following quote from The Scandal in Bohemia, it displays a very basic sketch in what Holmes does he was still, as ever, deeply attracted by the study of crime, and occupied his immense faculties and extraordinary powers of ceremonial in following out those clues and clearing up these mysteries, which had been a mountainoned as hopeless by the functionary patrol.Not only does this quote demonstrate the powers and qualities of Holmes, but in meaning it also shows us that the police who are the working class are being outsmarted by Holmes who is of the upper class, which suggests that the upper class is better than the merchant or working class. The aristocracy also control the middleclass if you leave it to a court of practice of law to clear the matter up on the other hand, if you convince the police authorities that there is no possible case against you (From The Man with the Twisted Lip).This quote shows us the Victorian thinking that a person belonging to the aristocracy result always have power and manipulation over the lower classes. The poor were hated by the upper classes. The higher class hated them for many reasons, one being there appearance, and extract from The Man with the Twisted Lip He was, as the inspector said extremely dirty, but the grime which covered his face could not conceal its repulsive uglin ess. This reveals that the Victorian upper class thought the poor as being very fugly, disgusting and dirty, this was the stereotype that all poor people were ugly and dirty.The lower class were seen as the worst of all people the gypsies were hated just because they lived in a different way. In The Speckled Band, the Ms Stoner states sometimes it may have referred to some band of people, perhaps to these very gypsies in the plantation might have suggested the strange adjective she used. This demonstrated the class differences, Ms Stoner feels superior to the gypsies, also revealing that the Victorian aristocracy though themselves as being superior to all other classes.Victorian assumption to crime mysteries is that if there was a person out of the upper class or the poor they were the criminals. From The Man with the Twisted Lip, this attitude is clearly shown wash his hands, and his face is as black as a tinkers. Well once his case is settled he will have a regular prison bath. T his quotes significance is that the poor people were always the assumed of committing crimes, because that is the only way they can survive. When someone decides to change their class it is seen as the worst possible thing that could take on in the view of Victorians.The poor cannot be changed to the aristocracy because of their past and their low post. The same way a man of the aristocracy cannot become lower than his usual class, if this does happen then this is seen as the most black-market situation. Prime examples are Dr Roylott from The Speckled Band and Mr St. Clair from The Man with the Twisted Lip. From analysing mainly the two novels The Speckled Band and The Man with the Twisted Lip that were both written by Arthur Conan Doyle, the Victorian attitudes towards gender, ethnicity and class are revealed.In terms of gender these points have been discussed and proven Men were fare more intelligent and rational than women. Women were over emotional they also had authority ove r domestic matters. However, men were in control over all aspects of Victorian life. Points concerning ethnicity were Victorians felt threatened and also hated foreigners (Xenophobia). Victorian saw foreigners and animals as dangerous and mischievous. Victorian towards class was that the Aristocracy were very wealthy, the working class worked for their wealth and the lower class was just poor. someone transferring classes was not acceptable in Victorian society, the Victorians held a strong belief that someone should stick to their status and class. From the previous Victorian assumption we can conclude that the Victorian morals, values and thinking were much secern than what the present views on society are, and things have changed in a positive way. Show preview only The above preview is unformatted text This student written piece of work is one of many that can be found in our GCSE Arthur Conan Doyle section.

Financial Report Analysis of a Jute Mill Essay Example for Free

Financial Report Analysis of a Jute wonk EssayMarket opportunity is big factor in shaping a play alongs strategy. Opportunities may be plentiful or scarce. The may range from widely alternative to marginally interesting. A company is well advised to pass on particular market opportunity unless it has th e resource capabilities most relevant to a company are i) ii) Those that offer important avenues for remunerative harvest-tide Those where a company has the most potential for completive. Threats Certain factors in a company extend environment may pose threats to i ts profit expertness and competitive well-being. Revels introduction of new product New governance regulations that is more burdensome to a company than is competitors Vulnerability to a raise in interest pass judgment Political upheaval and the like. It is management job to identify the threats to the companys future well-being and to evaluate what strategic actions advise be taken to neutralize or lesson the ir impact. Opportunities and threats point to the desire for strategic action. Managers need to i. ii. Pursue market opportunities well suited to the companys resources capabilities, and Take action to defend against indispensable threats to the company business.Why SWOT abbreviation? ? It involves evaluating the strengths, flunk opportunities and threats and drawing conclusions about the attractiveness of the companys situation and the need for strategic action. From a strategy marking perspective strengths are significant because they can be used as the cornerstones of strategy and the basis on which to skeletal system competitive advantages. ? Management should build strategy around what the company dose best on the basis of the strengths and should avoid strategies whose success depends firmly on areas where the company is weak. A strategy also needs to aim at correcting competitive weakness that make the company vulnerable, hurt its importance of disqualify it from pursui ng an attractive opportunity. ? Strategy must be aimed at pursuing opportunities well suited to the companys capabilities and provide a defense against intrinsic threats. Mashriqui Jute Mills Ltd. Consolidated profit and loss account For the year ended 30th June, 2008 Revenue damage of revenue Gross Profit Operating Expenses Administrative Expenses Distri bution (selling) Expenses Profit before Interest, Tax depreciation Depreciation Net Profit/Loss before TaxTheoretical Illustration Concepts relating to ratio analysis 3. 1 Liquidity Ratio o Liquidity refers to the ability of a firm to knock against its oblivious -term financial obligations when and as they fall due. o The main concern of liquidity ratio is to measure the ability of the firms to meet their short-term maturing obligations. Failure to do this will result in the total failure of the business, as it would be forced into liquidation. i) Current Ratio The current ratio expresses the relationship between the firms cu rrent assets and its current liabilities. Current assets normally include cash, marketable securities, accounts receivable and inventories. Current liabilities consist of accounts payable, short-term notes payable, short-term loans, current maturities of long term debt, accrued in come taxes and other accrued expenses (wages). The receive of thumb says that the current ratio should be at least 2 that are the current assets should meet current liabilities at least twice. (ii) Quick RatioMeasures assets that are fastly converted into cash and they are compared with current liabilities. This ratio realizes that some of current assets are not easily convertible to cash e. g. inventories. The vigorous ratio, also referred to as acid test ratio, examines the ability of the business to cover its sh ort-term obligations from its quick assets only (i. e. it ignores stock). The quick ratio is calculated as follows clearly this ratio will be lower than the current ratio, but the difference between the two (the gap) will indicate the extent to which current assets consist of stock. 3. 2 positivity RatioProfitability is the ability of a business to earn profit over a gunpoint of time. Although the profit figure is the starting point for any calculation of cash flow, as already pointed out, profitable companies can still fail for a lack of cash. Note Without profit, there is no cash and indeed profitability must be seen as a critical success factors. o A company should earn profits to survive and grow over a long period of time. o net income are essential, but it would be wrong to assume that every action initiated by management of a company should be aimed at maximizing profits, irrespective of social consequences.

Asquiths poem, The Volunteer, and the extract from Shakespeares Henry V Essay Example for Free

Asquiths meter, The Volunteer, and the extract from Shakespeares Henry V probeHow soundly do Asquiths Poem, The Volunteer, and the Extract From Shakespeares Henry V Promote the Idea That it is Heroic to fight and peter out For Ones Country? What Alternative View, is Offered by Wilfred Owen in Dulce et Decorum Est?The Volunteer is a Pro-War poem written by Herbert Asquith. Asquith uses roman imagery to invoke a observeing of greatness and honour. Asquith begins his poem by describing the miserable, mundane carriage story of a shop assistant, working in a city grey. He opens with the raillerys Here lies that are un unco used to begin writing on a gravestone. This epitaph style opening gives the idea that the clerk has straightway passed away and the poem testa custodyting concentrate on events beforehand. We are t previous(a) the clerk has spent half his life doing boring work (..Toiling at ledgers..), his days drifting away. There is a distinct lack of termination i n his life, ..With no lance broken in lifes tournament (Lance is roman imagery)And yet he dreams of ..The lambency eagles of the legions.. and horsemen ..thundering past beneath the oriflamme.. (or battle flag.) Asquith cleverly uses the expression ..The gleaming eagles of the legions.. to conjure up ideas in the lectors mentality of great gleaming roman s oldishiers. This adds to the ideology that fight is a glamorous and noble thing.In his s stanza, Asquith tells us that ..those waiting dreams are satisfied.. Obviously, the clerk has joined the army. He talks of ..waiting dreams.. giving the impression that the clerk has dreamt of this for a very long time. He goes on to say ..From twilight to the halls of dawn he went.. I think what he means is that the clerk has gone from his dull city to a new, b compensateer beginning. And although he died he is happy. ..His lance is broken but he lies content.. Because in that high hour in which he lived and died he achieved something he had dreamt of forever. Asquith in addition mentions that the man needs no re ward for his actions (..he wants no recompense). In his last both lines of the poem, Asquith writes..nor need he any hearse to bear him hence, who goes to join the men of AgincourtWhat he is saying is that he who fights for his expanse needs no other honour in cobblers last for combat is his reward.This poem is very pro-war and is remarkably influential in using roman imagery to sway the readers judgement in his favour. Overall, it is written quite an effectively.Another pro-war poem is Henry V. It is actually a speech from Henry V by William Shakespeare. It is his meter reading of what Henry V would have said to his men in an effort to inspire them before they fought at Agincourt. The writer uses the idea that the men bequeath be remembered as heroes and contract famous to enthuse them.He begins his speech by naming the day the feast of Crispian. He goes onto declare that ..He that outlives this day shall stand taller (..Stand a tiptoe) on this day in the future. This will make the men that fight sapidity superior and more than importantly it will make those who dont fight feel inferior. The words feast and flowing cups are also used. These give the imagery of a better life with plenty of food and drink. (possibly that of a king.) He goes on say that every year the man who fought..will strip his sleeve, and shows his scars, And say These wounds I had on Crispins dayThis reference fits in with the thought that scars are a notable accessory and that they will impress deal. The men who fought will have the image in their minds that they will be able to show them dour to people and feel courageous. He also pronounces to the brave soldiers that they will undoubtedly become famous. ..Our names familiaras household words.. stating that the names of those who fought will be as famous as ..Harry the king, Bedford and Exeter, Warwick and Talbot.. these were all extremely well k nown and respected figures. right off the men have the belief that for fighting this battle they will be remembered as kings, fame will be theirs. This fame pattern continues with ..this story shall the good man teach his son giving the idea that their story will be passed down for generations and generations. They will become role models as such for young boys, helping them to become good people.He continues to make the men feel unique with ..We a couple of(prenominal), we happy few.. Repetition of the word few makes the men feel that they should be glad to be a part of something that so few people have the opportunity to be a part of. He goes on to promote this idea of uniqueness with the words, ..we band of brothers.. as if the men have become family through fighting for their country.Henry then proclaims that ..hethat sheds his extraction with meshall be my brother.. He has stated that each man is his equal, making them feel honoured. The poem is rounded off with the thought that ..Gentlemen in England, now abed.. would feel accursed that they werent here fighting with us. And they would ..hold their manhoods cheap.. whenever anyone speaks who fought on Saint Crispins day. He is making the men feel that they are superior to those who didnt fight, and that men in England would give anything to be them right now.The poem promotes heroism very effectively, using images of fame and kings to inspire the men. This poem was obviously extremely effective because these men won the Battle of Agincourt against extraordinary odds.Although, in Dulce et Decorum Est, written by Wilfred Owen there is a in all different message conveyed. Dulce et decorousness est Pro patria mori is Latin for it is sweet and time-honoured to die for ones country. It is a powerfully anti-war poem in which Owen describes events from personal experience.In the first stanza, Owen depicts a group of soldiers as they abut. He describes their otiose appearance, speaking of lost boots and l ost senses. He goes on, in the second stanza to illustrate the reaction of the men to the cries of suck GAS There is An ecstasy of fumbling.. One man, possibly known by Owen is slow to respond. Owen recalls the horror of his demise toward the end of the stanza and subsequently writes his next stanza, consisting only of two lines, about the terrible dreams he has about the experience. This leads Owen on to comment bitterly and vividly about the incident, finishing his final stanza off with The old lie Dulce et decorum est Pro patria moriIf Owen is to achieve his desired effect, he has to be as vivid and evocative as possible. In the first stanza, Owen begins with two similes in the first two lines, describing soldiers as old beggars under sacks and hags. Likening the soldiers to old beggars under sacks gives the reader an indication of the sheer weight of what had to be carried, while likening them to hags, completely dehumanising them. This stanza paints a picture of what it was like for these young men using words like trudge to suggest voiceless movements. We get a zombie like impression as ..Men marched asleep. from the exhaustion of body and mind. Also, it suggests that the men march without point i.e. all hope has been lost, as the five-nines (bombs) fall behind.In the second stanza there is a get ahead change in tempo, (it begins with a command) Gas GAS Quick, boys There is an ecstasy of fumbling showing that it seemed to deem a long time to fit the clumsy helmets. Here, the helmets are personified to help to describe the awkwardness of the things. piddle imagery is used to show what mustard gas was like. Phrases like misty panes, green sea and drowning do this very effectively.The third stanza is very tense as it goes on to explain how Owen dreams of the man choking to death as he stands helpless. Again, water imagery is used as the man plunges at Owen in discouragement while Owen must watch him ..guttering, choking, drowning.In the final stanza , Owen asks you to pace behind the wagon that we flung him in. the use of the word flung suggests casualness and insignificance. Owen involves the reader with phrases like you and you too. There is alliteration of the letter w as he asks the reader to ..watch the white eyes writhing in his face.. He describes His hanging face, like a devils sick of sinobscene as cancer incurable sores on innocent tongues.. a description to horrify the most unsympathetic of persons. He addresses the reader as my friend showing bitter irony, and states that you would not tell with high zest to childrenThe old Lie Dulce et decorum est Pro patria moriThis poem is extremely effective in making the ideology that war is an honourable and dignified thing disappear using direful, vivid images to do so.To sum up, I feel that all three poems are effective in their own styles. However, some are more effective than others. Henry V is more effective than The Volunteer in supporting the ideology that war is honou rable and dignified. This is so in my opinion due to the way it cleverly gives off the impression that the men fighting will be remembered as heroes by comparing them to kings. Also, it concentrates more on what the men will do when they return home, not if they return home. The Volunteer uses images of death and an epitaph style opening to convey the message of a valiant death. I dont think that making the reader think of death will inspire him or her to fight for their country at all.Dulce est Decorum Est is the most effective poem of the three. Its usage of vivid and horrific imagery could make any patriotic citizen think again before going to war. The structure of the poem is extremely well thought out because it begins to get extremely shocking in the final stanza, near certainly making the reader sway away from the honourable image he or she had of war before reading. It then finishes with labelling Dulce et decorum est Pro patria mori a lie. This is intelligent because the r eader is at his most easy influenced after reading the horrific description in the final stanza and therefore is more likely to restrain with this point.

Jacksonian Democracy Dbq Essay Example for Free

Jacksonian Democracy Dbq EssayDuring the 1828 election when Jackson ran for business the second time he succeeded, as he did previously, but this time nothing stood in his style of becoming president. The Jacksonian Democracy that Jackson had brought into the governwork forcet when he was elected was a true popular movement that was dedicated to its egalitarian views. Although, in this time period the equal rights ideas were still in general for the white men, disregarding women, African Americans, and the Native Americans.The Jacksonian Democracy was a large force in the individual rights for the working class, as interpreted in Document A The Working Mens Declaration of Independence, by George Henry Evans, as he says, But when a long inveigh of abuses and usurpations take step up, all invariably tending to the oppression and degradation of angiotensin-converting enzyme class of society, and to the unnatural and nefarious exaltation of another by political leaders, it is the ir right, it is their duty to use any constitutional means to cleanse the abuses of such government, and to provide new guards for their future security. In his writing he quotes parts of the declaration to assume a grade that what the forefathers had said could be used to represent the working class, and to make a point that it was the governments duty to treasure such men from the lack of opportunities that the government failed to give them and the rights that they failed to protect in the previous year with various government leaders.When Jackson was re-elected in 1832, the renewal of the National intrust was vetoed by Jackson, and some think that its simply because he had a strong dislike for the men that were for the bank. In his veto message, Document B, Andrew Jackson stated that, It appears that more than a fourth part of the gillyflower is held by foreigners, and Jackson had had a strong dislike for foreigners, chiefly the British, since he was a five-year-old boy, and the residue is held by a few hundred of our own citizens, chiefly of the richest class. It could be interpreted through and through this that Jackson, along with his dislike for Clay, wanted to keep the American government and economy ruled solely by the Americans, not an outside force like the French and British.Andrew Jackson was a strong call backr of national values, and his values contributed to the way he saw individual rights. Jackson viewed the nation as a whole, and in force(p) being American granted, if you were a white male, not of Irish descent than you it was your right to have the uniform liberties as everyone else. You could vote, own land, run for office, and have the same opportunities as someone from the upper class if you were among the poorest in the country.Among the many equal rights opportunities, many reform movements began to take place that brought a new light to the Jacksonian government. Public education became something that every child co uld receive until they reached the age of a secondary school student, and having every child receive education was a large part of his equal rights value. The two other reforms were for the reprehensively screwy/mentally insane, the Asylum movement, led by Dorothea Dix, and the Womans rights movement. Although Jackson didnt believe in the same rights of man and woman, the movement went along with the equal rights and opportunities of his government. With the three new reforms taking place in the United States, they benefitted from the others. Women were able to secure jobs as nurse and school teachers, but with many rules, the insane were able to escape from the criminal and terrible conditions they were residing in, and children, whether they be male or female, could receive a comme il faut education.One of the largest movements of the day was the Second Great Awakening a religious movement. Many people were disposed(p) more freedom when it came to their religion, some converti ng, others not. Those who converted to the newly introduced religions were able to express their religious beliefs, while one hundred years prior they could not as openly. Although some religions were seen as improper, they werent as virulent to those of other religions as they may have been in the past.As a result of the changes in the American lifestyle, members of the Jacksonian Democracy believed that it was their duty to preserve the nation in the way that they had seen it, and in their eyes they viewed themselves as the guardians of the United States, political democracy, individual liberty, and equality of economic opportunity.

The history and spread of probation in America

The biography and spread of probation in AmericaThe term probation comes from the Latin verb probargon, meaning to refer push through or to test. Throughout memorial probation has been utilise in discordant forms. From its earliest American origins probation has broadened and expanded immensely in its function within the criminal justice brass. The terms and conditions of probation continue to evolve, as rise up as the various consequences imposed if verbalize conditions argon non closely adhered to. Probation is a privilege granted to particular law violators in plaza of imprison housement. Just as the root word derived from, probation is a test issued to an offender, offering them a chance to prove themselves.HISTORYElements of probation can be seen throughout history. thither is reference in Mosaic Law to the undecomposed of sanctuary. Right of sanctuary offered cities of refuge to killers seeking to escape retribution. season probation as we know it today is not an escape from punishment, it can be seen as a sort of sanctuary in that probationers are offered the prospect to atone for their crimes and maintain in the free society. The suspended sentence, commonly used in the Middle Ages in England, mirrors probation in that it can be supplantd and a prison sentence imposed if the offender fails to stay out of trouble for the amount of time specified. Suspended sentence at this time, however, did not include any smorgasbord of supervision, nor were there any get dressed goals of reform. There was also a form of temporary rout out used by the courts during this time. Binding over for good behavior offered offenders an opportunity to secure pardons or lesser sentences.Matthew Davenport agglomerate was a English barrister and judge in Eighteenth Century England. As Recorder of Birmingham, a judicial post, he instituted a practice for individuals who did not appear to be hopeless cases. In witnessing the sentencing of youthful offenders to the irons of their parents for supervision, Hill decided that those offenders who showed hope of rehabilitation could also be placed in the hands of unstrained guardians. As part of this arrangement these willing guardians would receive periodic visits from local police to stay original on the progress of the released offender.JOHN AUGUSTUSJohn Augustus, credited as the Father of Probation, embarked upon a journey that would modify the field of corrections in America. His labours began when he persuaded a local court in Massachusetts to release into his custody an adult drunk, instead of imprisoning him. This challenge was met with great success. A shoe cobbler in Boston, Augustus oversee the man, paid his fines, and helped him achieve sobriety. His efforts broadened to and he began taking responsibility for juveniles. Again his efforts were fruitful and the court was pleased with his results. domesticate became a true possibility.Over the course of his eighteen years as a vol unteer probation incumbent 1841-1858, Augustus bailed 1,946 men, women and children. A mere ten of this number forfeited their bond. The first probation statute was passed in 1878 shortly by and by his death. Augustus work was a remarkable accomplishment when measured against any standard. (New York City department of Probation)THE SPREAD OF PROBATIONBy 1900, Vermont, Rhode Island, New Jersey, New York, Minnesota, and Illinois passed probation laws by 1910, 32 more states had passed legislation establishing juvenile probation and by 1930 juvenile probation was legislated in every state except Wyoming. (Office of Probation and Correctional Alternatives) Every state in the country offers probation to both adults and juveniles today. While the structure may vary from state to state the possibility for reform remains a stiff and solid objective. Probation not only offers the offender incentive to change it saves the public enormous funds as the cost is minimal when compared to the i ncreasing be of incarceration. Probation also serves to abate the current concerns of overcrowding in prisons.THE USES/GOAL OF PROBATIONProbation has more practical functions in the field of corrections. As mentioned above, probation is privilege not a right. One of the many aims of probation is defend the public. Probation is generally issued to low risk, non-violent offenders. Often these offenders are open to the idea of treatment and rehabilitation in an effort to avoid becoming professional offenders. Until recently, probation was predominantly used for first offense misdemeanants, however, with the implementation of get stalwart laws and the war on drugs saw the court system becoming more and more bogged down with cases and the prison system became increasingly prone to overcrowding.Depending on the sentencing guidelines for the crime committed, the accused may offer to plead flagitious to a lesser charge. Probation is a valuable in any casel for the offender, the distri ct attorney, and the court system. If the criteria of a case bring in the offender eligible for probation a presentence investigation report is coherent to determine if probation could be a sensible and effective punishment. The presentence investigation report includes the offenders background and their disposition to their charges as well as other useful information.CONDITIONS OF PROBATION/INTERMEDIATE SANCTIONSIf probation is granted, several conditions may be imposed. These conditions will be specifically designed to the individual ground on their criminal record and the nature of the crime they have pled guilty to. There are various levels of probation. The lowest level of probation is un administer. This is when the offender is placed on probation and perhaps ordered to pay fines and court costs but is not obligated to a regular interaction with a probation regionr. They are generally ordered to call in on arranged dates and update the probation officer as to their progre ss as well as maintain gainful employment in the community.Supervised Probation requires the offender to report to their local probation office on an established number of days per week or month, depending on the level of supervision. Often supervised probation will contain conditions such as reporting regularly, failing to engage in any only criminal activity, submitting to searches, abstaining from using drugs, abstaining from owning a firearm, limiting alcohol intake, abstaining from associating with known criminals and notifying their supervising officer of any study changes such as relocation or job change. (Allen, Latessa, and Ponder 93) The probationer is required to pay a monthly supervision fee and a schedule to pay other fines and court fees imposed is set up between the offender and the probation officer.Certain individuals have specific conditions of probation to which they must adhere. This is sometimes as a result of the crime they committed (including factors of the crime, such as drug abuse). Specific conditions include (but are not limited to) methadone maintenance, taking Antibuse, attending 12-Step meetings, drug testing, treatment (inpatient or outpatient), and vocational training. (Allen, Latessa, and Ponder 93) These conditions are imposed to aid the probationer in successful completion of their court ordered term of supervision. There has been an adequate success rate with these programs to date.Special conditions of probation are additional punishments ordered by the courts and act to settle supervision. The goal is to reduce recidivism by addressing the underlying cause of the individuals criminal behavior as well as protect the local community. Special conditions of probation are house arrest, electronic monitoring, intensive supervision, halfway house residency, boot camp programs and split sentences. (Allen, Latessa, and Ponder 93) Imposing these special conditions is at times the last line of exculpation for keeping the offende r out of prison. In some cases, if probation is violated, additional conditions can be imposed in an effort to get the offender back on track.REVOCATION OF PROBATIONFailure to adhere to these conditions, excessive violations of these conditions or failing to remain current on court mandated payments can result in probation revocation. When an offender is sentenced to a specific amount of time in jail or prison, that sentence is sometimes suspended in favor of placing the individual on probation. Repetitive violations or new charges can be cause to revoke that probation and resentence the offender or activate the sentence that they are currently on probation to avoid serving.There are a variety of reasons offenders are unable to comply with the conditions of their probation. Some are indifferent or hostile, creation unwilling or unable to cooperate with their supervising officer or the court. Some are too immature emotionally to comply with directions. (Allen, Latessa, and Ponder 93 ) Technical probation violations require the offender to re-appear in court in front of the judge. If the probationer fails to appear a warrant will be issued for their arrest. Revocation is a undecomposed matter and the probationer has the right to counsel for the hearing.SUMMARYThe use of probation in our nations criminal justice system is widespread. Probation allows the offender the freedom to earn a living and support their family, it allows the community to feel safer knowing that these individuals are under close supervision, it saves the state money that could better be spent on reform alternatively than incarceration and the building of new prisons. The number of Americans currently on probation is astounding. According to the United Stated Department of Justice at the end of 2008 there were better than 4.2 million adults on probation and another almost 830,000 on parole. That number indicates that 1 in 45 adults in the U.S. is currently under community supervision. These figures show the magnificence of probation in America today.