Bzyt Archtecture Essay Research Paper The greatest free essay sample

Bzyt Archtecture Essay, Research Paper The greatest of mediaeval civilisations was the Eastern Roman Empire. The Roman Empire was divided in 395. The Western half, ruled from Rome, was ruled by the savages in the fifth century. The Eastern half, known as the Byzantine Empire, lasted for more than over 1,000 old ages. The Byzantine Empire was one of the taking civilisations in the universe. Byzantine Architecture Is a assorted manner composed of Graeco-Roman and Oriental elements which, The signifier of the church used most in the West, a the long rectangular portion of the cathedral with the alter in it is supported on columns and an atrium appears in many illustrations of the 5th century in Byzantine. In the West this manner of constructing on occasion nowadayss similarities which are thought by some governments to be of Oriental origin # 8212 ; galleries over the side aisles, spirally channelled columns, and customss between capitals and arches. We will write a custom essay sample on Bzyt Archtecture Essay Research Paper The greatest or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Vaulted basilicas were made at a early day of the month in Constantinople. The domical manner, with barrel-vaulted side aisles and transepts is a favorite with the Byzantines. Many of the oldest basilicas in Asia Minor, every bit good as the Church of St. Irene, Constantinople, carried one or more domes. This type leads to the construction in a centralised handbill, octangular, or cross molded program. In ancient Roman times tombs and baths had this kind of program. These types of edifices can non be seen as merely Byzantium, because the Romans and Oriental besides used these sorts of programs. Even in Italy, the churches there were strongly influenced bu the many influences from the West and peculiarly from the Byzantine. In the church of St. Sophia, built by Justinian, all the chief signifiers of the early Christian churches are represented. A rotunda is enclosed in a square, and covered with a dome which is supported in the way of the long axis of the edifice by half-domes over semicircular rounded terminals of the edifice. In this mode a basilica, 236 pess long and 98 pess broad, and provided with domes, is developed out of a cardinal chamber. Then the domical church is developed to the signifier of a long rectangle by two side aisles, which are denied of their significance by the monolithic wharfs. In forepart of all this, on the entryway side, are placed a broad atrium with transitions and two anterooms. The colossal chief dome, which is hemispherical on the inside, flatter, or saucer-shaped, on the outside, and pierced with 40 big Windowss. The ancient system of columns has merely a lease giver significance, back uping the galleries which open upon the long rectangular portion of the chuch that has the alter in it. Light flows in through the legion Windowss of the upper and lower narratives and of the domes. The dome, with its great span carried on wharfs, arches, and pendentives, constitutes one of the greatest accomplishments of architecture. ( The pendentives are the triangular surface of which a round dome can be supported on the crests of four arches arranged on a square program. ) . The designers of St. Sophia were Asians: Anthemius of Tralles and Isodorus of Miletus. In other great basilicas, local influences had great power in finding the character of the architecture, e. g. the churches of the Nativity, of the Holy Sepulchre, and of the Ascension, built in Palestine after the clip of Constantine. This is still more obvious in the dearly-won ornaments of these churches. Their love of luster is shown in the stacking up of domes and still more in confronting the walls with slabs of marble, in mosaics, in gold and coloring material ornaments, and in the many-coloured marbles of the columns and other architectural inside informations. Nothing seems to uncover the character of Byzantine architecture so much as the absence of work in the higher signifiers of sculpture, and the alteration of high into low ornament by agencies of interlacing traceries, in which the qi selled decorations became flatter, more additive, and lacelike. Besides the anterooms which originally surrounded St. Sophia, the columns with their capitals recall the old-timer. These columns about constantly supported arches alternatively of the architrave and were, for that ground, reinforced by a block of rock placed on top and shaped to conform to the arch. Gradually, nevertheless, the capital itself was cut to the broader signifier of a abbreviated square pyramid, as in St. Sophia. The capitals are at times rather bare, when they serve at the same clip as customss or intermediate supporting blocks, at other times they are marked with monograms or covered with a web of carving, the latter transforming them into basketlike capitals. Flat ornamentations of flowers and animate beings are besides found. The fortress like character of the church edifices, the crisp look of the constructive signifiers, the chunky visual aspect of the domes, the basic grouping of many parts, these are all more in conformity with the coarser work of the ulterior period of the Byzantine. Two other types of Justinian’s clip are presented by the renovated church of the Apostles and the church of Sts. Sergius and Bacchus. Both churches are in the capital. It is a dome-crowned octagon with an exterior aisle. The former church was built on the program of a Grecian Cross with four equal weaponries with a dome over the crossing and one over each arm. During the period of the Macedonian emperors, Basil I and Leo VI, an upward tendency in political relations, literature, and art set in. The Grecian basilica, which is a elongated construction, barrel-vaulted and provided with one or more domes, is besides widely represented in this period, while the western signifier of basilica, with the wooden ceiling wasn # 8217 ; Ts used any longer. A type looking more often is the domical church program or the Greek-cross program. The Koimesis, or Dormitio, in Nicaea has a clear basilica program. The same with the church of the Holy Mother of God at Constantinople, dating from the 10th century, and of the churches of Mt. Athos. The church at Skripu in Boeotia, of the same period, has three naves each stoping in an apsis, but the dome crowns the center of the edifice as in the Greek- cross type. The outsides of these churches, which are normally instead little, are treated with greater attention and are artistically decorated with alternations of rock and brick, smaller domes over the anterooms, a richer system of domes, and the lift of these domes by agencies of membranophones. The insides are decorated really nicely. It seems that they could non make plenty in this regard. This can still be seen in the church of St. Luke in Phocis, at Daphni, in the Nea Moni at Chio, and others. In this period the perfected art of the capital becomes the theoretical account for the imperium every bit good as for parts beyond its boundary lines: Syria, Armenia, Russia, Venice, Middle and Southern Italy, and Sicily. For the West, it is merely necessary to advert the church of St. Mark at Venice. After its business by the Reformers in 1204, Constantinople partially lost its character and at the same clip the far-reaching influence of its communicating with Western states. There still remained four Centres of Byzantine art: the capital itself, Mt. Athos, Hellas, and Trebizond. The architecture of Mt. Athos presents the most faithful contemplation of the Byzantine manner. The theoretical account of the church of the monastery of Laura, belonging to the old period, is more or less dependably reproduced. A dome, supported on four sides by barrel vaults, stands straight over the center of the transept, which is terminated at either terminal by a unit of ammunition apsis. The existent architectural decorations are forced into the background by the dearly-won mosaics and which practically cover all available wall surface. The architecture of this period remained still. Bibliography the short history of the Byzantium Empire 1986 measure blackman

Definition of Suffrage, as in Womens Suffrage

Definition of Suffrage, as in Women's Suffrage Definition of suffrage Suffrage is used today to mean the right to vote in elections, sometimes also including the right to run for and hold elected public office.   It is commonly used in phrases like woman suffrage or womens suffrage or universal suffrage. Derivation and History The word suffrage comes from the Latin suffragium meaning to support. It already had the connotation of voting in classical Latin, and may have been used as well for a special tablet on which one recorded a vote. It likely came into English through French. In Middle English, the word took on ecclesiastical meanings, as well, of intercessory prayers. In the 14th and 15th centuries in English, it was also used to mean support. By the 16th and 17th centuries, suffrage was in common use in English to mean a vote in favor of a proposal (as in a representative body like Parliament) or of a person in an election. The meaning then broadened to apply to a vote for or against candidates and proposals. Then the meaning broadened to mean the ability to vote by individuals or groups. In Blackstones commentary on English laws (1765), he includes a reference:  In all democracies .. it is of the utmost importance to regulate by whom, and in what manner, the suffrages are to be given. The Enlightenment, with emphasis on equality of all persons and consent of the governed, paved the way for the idea that the suffrage, or ability to vote, should be extended beyond a small elite group. Wider, or even universal suffrage, became a popular demand. No taxation without representation called for those who were taxed to also be able to vote for their representatives in government. Universal male suffrage was a call in political circles in Europe and America by the first half of the 19th century, and then some (see Seneca Falls Womans Rights Convention) began to extend that demand to women as well as woman suffrage became a key social reform issue through 1920. Active suffrage  refers to the right to vote.   The phrase passive suffrage is used to refer to the right to run for and hold public office.   Women were, in a few cases, elected to public office (or appointed) before they won the right to active suffrage. Suffragist was used to denote someone working to extend suffrage to new groups.   Suffragette was sometimes used for women working for woman suffrage. Pronunciation: SUF-rij (short u) Also Known As: vote, franchise Alternate Spellings: souffrage, sofrage in Middle English; sufferage, suffrage Examples: Should the females of New York be placed on a level of equality with males before the law? If so, let us petition for this impartial justice for women. In order to insure this equal justice should the females of New York, like the males, have a voice in appointing the law makers and the law administrators? If so, let us petition for Womans Right to Suffrage. - Frederick Douglass, 1853 Similar Terms The word franchise or the phrase political franchise is also often used for the right to vote and the right to run for office. Denied Suffrage Rights Citizenship and residency are usually considered in deciding who has the right to vote in a country or state.   Ã‚  Age qualifications are justified by the argument that minors may not sign contracts. In the past, those without property were often ineligible to vote. Since married women could not sign contracts or dispose of their own property, it was considered appropriate to deny women the vote.   Some countries and U.S. states exclude from suffrage those who have been convicted of a felony, with various conditions. Sometimes the right is restored upon completion of prison terms or parole conditions, and sometimes restoration depends on the crime not being a violent crime. Race has been directly or indirectly a grounds for exclusion from voting rights. (Though women got the vote in the United States in 1920, many African-American women were still excluded from voting because of laws that discriminated racially.) Literacy tests and poll taxes have also been used to exclude from suffrage. Religion in both the United States and Great Britain sometimes was grounds for exclusion from voting. Catholics, sometimes Jews or Quakers, were excluded from suffrage. Quotes About Suffrage â€Å"[T]here never will be complete equality until women themselves help to make laws and elect lawmakers.† - Susan B. Anthony â€Å"Why is a woman to be treated differently? Woman suffrage will succeed, despite this miserable guerilla opposition.† - Victoria Woodhull Be militant in your own way! Those of you who can break windows, break them. Those of you who can still further attack the secret idol of property...do so. And my last word is to the Government: I incite this meeting to rebellion. Take me if you dare! - Emmeline Pankhurst

Discussion Board 2-1 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 2

Discussion Board 2-1 - Essay Example Ethically, researches involving human beings as samples must obtain informed consent of the participants to be subject to tests and measures (Bordens & Abbott, 2014). Researchers must only proceed with studies after obtaining the consent. To deal with the dilemma relating to difficulty of obtaining informed consent, a researcher can contact and persuade close relatives such as parents or guardians of the subject to give and sign consent. Another ethical dilemma that researchers may face when working with clinical population is the aspect of deception. According to Bordens and Abbott (2014), deception refers to giving false information to the participants in a research. Deception may also entail withholding of critical information from the participants so that they may make competent decisions. Some clinical research may force researchers to withhold certain information to perform research in a manner that addresses predefined goals. To tackle the issues of deception, a researcher should eliminate questions or elements that are controversial and likely to necessitate withholding of information or lying to achieve the desired

Predictive Policing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Predictive Policing - Essay Example By making use of information technology through implementation of COMPSTAT, police departments are able to cut costs in their daily operations. In the past, police officers often used to make random patrols which would cost more to the departments since they had no prior knowledge of possible crime zones. Information technology has, therefore, made it possible to cut down costs by mapping out crime zones where police officers would make their patrols from (McDonald, 2002). It has been reported by police departments such as the New York City Police Department that information technology such as COMPSTAT has significantly improved performance of the organization through accountability at different departments in the organization. Each department is assigned with particular task and with the help of information technology; weak links or poor performance can easily be detected within the organization. Quick identification of crime coupled with prompt and creative solutions has enabled many police departments to perform better in recent years. Information technology has enable police officer to respond swiftly to crime through monitoring and evaluation of crime statistics of a given neighborhood or region. Creative solutions such as early detection or preventive measure have significantly improved their performance. Despite these numerous gains brought by the use of information technology, there are other setbacks that come along with it. Random patrols for instance, would be effective in situations where new crime zones develop. The use COMPSTAT places emphasis on known crime zones, leaving out other parts unpatrolled. In such an event, COMPSTAT would perform very poorly in determining patrol routes. Unless new data is introduced into the system, patrols by police based on COMPSTAT would be definite hence predictable. This means that criminals can easily predict patrol routes of police officers due to the predetermined route of patrol. In such

Causes of Salem wWtch Trials Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Causes of Salem wWtch Trials - Research Paper Example There was an influx of refugees in Salem village because of war outbreak in 1689, between the English rulers (William and Mary) and France. This made life too hard in this village, as people struggled with the available scarce resources for survival (Blumberg, 2007). In addition to this, the villagers faced diseases, harsh winters and crop failure. The Puritans believed that good fortunes always came from God and were a blessing to them, while bad fortunes were associated with the devil’s work. These people believed that witches were people who had deals with the devil and received powers from the devil in return, for doing evil. According to Puritans, a convicted witch was sentenced to death because it was believed that they could destroy communities and corrupt good Christian people. Although the Puritans had over the years believed in witches, everything changed in 1692, when witch hunt widely spread for the first time. The village of Salem was the centre for accusation. Th is was after two girls, Betty Parris who was 9 years old, the daughter of Reverend Samuel Parris (the first ordained minister in the village), and his niece, Abigail Williams 11 years old accused three women of casting spells on them. Two of the women were Puritan women and the other one was a slave woman. The two girls suffered from a strange sickness, acted oddly, had incomprehensible speech and their bodies were twisted from their original positions into uncomfortable ones. When the girls were diagnosed, there was no reasonable diagnosis found. The doctors tried to search in their medical books but it was unsuccessful. This worried the villagers and made them search desperately for an explanation. It was then that it was concluded that the girls were under the spell of witchcraft by their fellow community members (Yolen and Stemple, 2004). The three women were arrested on February 29 and more than 150 other â€Å"witches† were also arrested and put on trial. By late Septem ber 1692, some had already been put to death and more others died while in jail. During this period, people fasted and prayed for the girls for God’s intervention but it did not succeed. However, although witchcraft began in Salem village making it very famous in rounding up accused witches, the fear of witchcraft increased over the following year. This made the life there more difficult with neighbours rising against their fellow neighbours as others tried to prove the innocence of their dear ones, the accusers worried of what would befall them while the leaders struggled to understand the happenings (Doeden, 2011). In early 1970s, psychologist Linnda Caporael, now a behavioural psychologist at New York's Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, began to investigate the Salem Witch trials while still a college student with no idea that a common grain fungus could have been the cause of the 1962 events. In 1976, he came up with a theory, which believed that a certain type of food po isoning called convulsive ergotism might have been responsible for the girls’ condition. Convulsive ergotism occurs when a person consumes rye crop- wheat containing a mould called Ergot, which was used to make bread. This causes hallucinations, vomiting, crawling sensations on the skin among many other symptoms similar to those reported in Salem witchcraft trials. It was also discovered that, ergot thrives in damp, rainy springs,

Issues in Protecting Rights and Copyrights

Issues in Protecting Rights and Copyrights Each society throughout history has, and will be introduced to new ideas, inventions, and movements that benefit their communities. Yet, with those inventions will come ways for people to exploit them, and use them to gain an advantage. Recently, with the dawn of the Information Age of the early 2000s, the fairly-new Internet has connected the world in ways previously incomprehensible. With the Internet, people can send digital goods such as music, movies, and games to each other without any physical meeting or materialization. While beneficial to the economy and markets, those who sell online also risk digital pirates making copies of their goods, and distributing them for free to the world, or even reselling them. Piracy has become a growing issue in the new age, and governments across the world are beginning to take action against it. Even though government intervention would control piracy much better, and could possibly be done not to interfere with innocent customers, it could lead to invasions of privacy as people will always find ways to download copyrighted files undetected, and trying to stop infringements will only hurt internet providers and customers, who have the right to privacy, shown in the Fourth Amendment (Bridegam 11)Government intervention is certainly possible, and has been done in correlation with the Fourth Amendment to the Constitution. An anti-piracy firm named CEGTEK pushed for the Notice-and-Notice Law to be passed, which allows copyright companies to send letters to users, recognizing that someone on the infringed network has downloaded copyrighted software. It also tells that if the user ignores the infringement, legal action may be taken. While it does not actually search and seize files on users computers, forcing deletion, it recognizes copyrighted software being transferred to the network, and takes nonlegal action which may eventually be brought to court, however. After the Law was passed, piracy rates dropped up to 61% one ye ar (Brownell 1), due to the letters being sent with notices of infringement. It had an impact on slowing down the growth of piracy, but governments have to find other ways to end digital crime. Piracy is still fairly new to the big picture, and old laws need to be modernized in order to stop it. The Fourth Amendment to the United States Constitution prohibits unwarranted and unreasonable search and seizure without a probable cause. While the Amendment protects personal property, including computers, an officer can still access the content and files stored on the machine. David Cole at Georgetown University says When I send an email, Ive shared it with the Internet provider. (Zwerdling 1) All communications with servers and websites are stored somewhere on the sites history, leaving a digital footprint behind. Law enforcement can access these records as they can be made available upon calling, because if a warrant is denied to search a users computer, another one can be requested to search the server or service provider involved in the alleged crime to find out if copyright infringement did occur. The Amendment has not aged well, and with the Information Age accelerating, th e old laws need to be updated in order to keep up with new technology. The Fourth Amendment tells little about digital search and seizure, yet it still is unconstitutional for unreasonable search of property.Internet service providers (ISPs) monitor everything a user does, downloads, and uploads on the internet, and while it may differ from each company, most keep records for all types of purposes, include hardware and software maintenance, as well as to catch pirates. These companies assign IP addresses to every computer in order to connect the PC to websites and servers, but the address can also be used to trace a user across the network. This is how pirates can be quickly caught. Some ISPs work with anti-piracy and copyright protection companies, such as Tecksavvy Solutions in Canada, work to catch infringements and stop it on their networks. The collaboration between the companies comes down to the anti-piracy firms monitoring P2P (peer-to-peer) connections scanning for copyrigh ted content. If a file is found to be copyrighted, the IP address is logged and forwarded to the ISP of the user. While it may seem like a simple job, the ISP does not legally have to disclose the name and location of the alleged pirate. (Robinson 1) Obviously, the ISP could if they wish to, but most companies see so many infringements that taking actual legal action towards the cases would cause more problems than needed. The amount of legal fees, time spent, and reputation on the line is simply too much for most companies to risk. Ways to stop piracy have doubled over the years, and each year introduces more invasive methods of cracking down. (Katyal 1) Years of lobbying and debates have introduced many new acts and bills passed in order to prevent and cease piracy. However, they have been passed in ways so as not to affect the openness and opportunity of the internet, yet still be able to enforce their rules. The Stop Online Piracy (SOPA) and Protect IP Acts are in the process of being debated by Congress, and opposed by pirates. SOPA intends to defund and cut off access to rogue sites that promote piracy but are established internationally, most notably The Pirate Bay, in Sweden. The two acts rival each other in debate, but have the same end goal to end foreign piracy in the United States. The bills have not been passed, but have the support of the RIAA, MPAA, and NMPA, all music and media production companies. (ABC-CLIO 1) Arguments followed the consideration of the bills, with the defense that they would not enforce anything, and would only hurt the internets freedom. Cutting off access to websites is a prohibition of the openness of the internet, as it is not truly free with these restrictions. The United States is surprisingly not one of the countries with the most piracy, but the ones that too have taken action against it. David Kassler, CEO of EMI Group, a British music company, says You can have a number-one album in Spain with 3,000 sales, referencing the number of pirates and downloaders. (Economist 1) Germany has kept their piracy laws simple, with a fine system for each crime. South Korea faced rampant piracy as well, but took action against it, introducing a three-point warning system for their users suspected of copyright infringement. If the user ignores these warnings and does not cease their use, their connection will be cut off and disconnected. Now, some companies in the U.S. have taken up a warning system. Copyright firms are able to collect the IP of a pirate, and can send a notice to that IP without needing to take legal action. Some unknowing pirates are frightened off by the sight of the official notice, and cease immediately. Using a detection and warni ng system has worked in Korea, leading to a 10% increase of music sales in 2009, but whether it will work in the U.S. is yet to be seen. Not all the laws will work, as Mayseey Leong of the IFPI says it wasnt as though the law came into effect and all illegal activity stopped. Laws will not be enough to stop piracy, but it can make a difference in slowing down the increase of infringement rates. Piracy has a much larger effect on people besides their internet being disconnected. Being convicted of piracy could result in graduation denial, loss of job, scholarship, or even citizenship for international pirates. Studies by Stuart Green from the International Herald Tribute shows that pirates and users of the internet have drawn a solid line between digital piracy and physical theft. (Green 1) Pirates claim nothing is being stolen, only copied and mostly used for personal use. However, 1962 introduced the Moral Penal Code, which defines property as anything valued. The vague definition has led to an argument over theft law even 50 years later, bringing up the discussion of whether or not digital goods count as valued, as they technically do not exist only as bits and numbers on a server, not physically. Therefore, a dilemma has been created where users must decide whether or not they believe piracy is actually stealing. It is known that digital distribution has done wonders for the music business, increasing revenue and popularity, but it opens up a whole world of debate about digital sharing of copyrighted goods. Because nobody is hurt at the moment of download, users claim piracy is not stealing because they are simply making a copy of the file, nobody is killed or robbed at gunpoint, as all the user has to do is click download. In the long run, production companies and music artists do take a large financial hit from a lack of sales, if a certain song or album of theirs is being sent across the internet illegally. One reporter, James Lardner, claims the more they lock things up, the more users rebel. (Lardner 1) Regardless of how companies and Congress may try to make their files inaccessible except legally, pirates and hackers will always find ways to get what they want, even if they face troubles such as takedowns of their websites. The problem companies face is that file sharing services are much smarter, and shutting down physically in one place will not affect piracy as much. One popular website, KickAss Torrents (KAT), was taken down after the founder was arrested. Yet, it did not do much against piracy, because of the way it works. Copyrighted content is shared via P2P networks, meaning it goes straight from computers that seed the file, and make it available for download directly from their computer, with no website involved. The site was simply a catalog for the .torrent files which contain the information that allow users to connect to other users to download the file. Pirates have t aken measures against website takedown, and entire server backups were quickly uploaded to a different domain name to ensure the site stayed up. KAT was down almost momentarily, and goes to show how a server level takedown could not do much damage against stopping piracy. (Mathur 1) Not only is piracy rampant digitally, but burned CDs and physical copies of copyrighted files are shared just for that reason. Physical copies are much harder to trace, despite them not leaving footprints, and can be publicly viewed and broadcasted without the user even knowing it is a pirated version. Pirates argue that the internet is a source of information and sharing, and because companies and users make their files publicly available, one way or another, they are free for the taking due to a lack of security against them. (Peloso 136) Not just one force is at fault in the grand view of piracy, but pirates blame the music industry saying it has consistently failed to adapt to changes in technology. (Wray 1) If a company has not taken any measures to protect its media, then it can be at fault for users copying it illegally. Companies can also be at fault for not making their media available in all countries for all people. International users must pirate content because some files are regionally locked, and only available in America (Wortham 1). The only way for some users to access the media is to download it from a P2P network, which may not put them completely at fault, as the companies have yet to make their media available worldwide. One anonymous user says It is available , just not legally. Having region-locked data also may serve as a cause for the high piracy rates in South Korea and Spain, being outside of the U.S. The internet is a vast network, with billions of packets of data sent on the daily. Being able to monitor and scan every single connection would take an amount of power machine and man do not have yet in the Information Age. Not even the United States could crack down on every case of copyright infringement, even in their own country. One man, who wishes to remain unknown, claims the film and television industrys efforts to stopà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ distribution à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ is like building a dam in the middle of a vast ocean. Along with their failure to keep up with modern times, copyright firms can only do so much in terms of catching pirates, as most use proxies, which change their IP addresses to somewhere far from their computer, to trick websites into thinking they are connecting from somewhere else, hiding themselves and their location. Therefore, it is presently impossible to catch every pirate, and authorities must accept the internets freedom, and how it can never be fully co ntrolled by anyone due to the massive size of it. No matter how much effort is put into stopping piracy, someone somewhere will always find a way to bypass restrictions and free the copyrighted content for the rest of the world. Once the content is out in the internet, it can never be fully erased, as it has been saved on hundreds, or even thousands of computers by the time the copyright firm has information the file has been taken. (Sampat 1) This is why website takedowns would not work, copies of the file have been made and can be reuploaded and hosted at any time. Pirates have to work together to function, but taking them down one-by-one has not worked so far. More attempts will be made to end piracy for sure, but that may spark more controversy, however, because any more intervention by the government and firms would only end up in violations of privacy and rights. Piracy is still fairly new, and is growing every day, despite rigorous attempts to stop it, while still remain constitutional. The main question ISPs and copyright companies face is how can the openness of the internet be preserved while having all illegal acts filtered out?. The protection of innocent customers is on the mind of every company, and selecting the few out of the bunch who commit acts of piracy is not an easy task. While they do have access to the file transfer history between users, they cannot legally intervene without a warrant, shown in the Fourth Amendment, and even if they are issued one, they cannot completely prove the user was the one who downloaded the material. Perhaps the pirate used a public Wi-Fi access point to copy a file off KAT, and then left the building. The owner of the Wi-Fi would receive a notice to cease piracy, even though he had committed no such act, his customers did. Piracy is a tricky subject, and neither side is technically correct. Pirate s can claim anything accessible can be taken, and will be because of the vast size of the internet, but companies do have a legal copyright on some media materials, and taking them is a criminal act. It is up to the governments of countries facing piracy to make a decision based on the current situation, and take action to resolve piracy. Pirates must unite to keep themselves anonymous against companies out to crack down on infringement. Congress must protect the pirates rights, but production companies must protect their copyrights. Works Cited A Rare Victory Against Piracy. Economist (London, England) Vol.395, No.8679, Apr, 2010, pp. 68, SIRS Issues Researcher. Bridegam, Martha Ann. Search and Seizure. Philadelphia: Chelsea House, 2005. Print Brownell, Claire. Pirates of the Internet. National Post, 13 Feb, 2016, pp. FP.5, SIRS Issues Researcher. Green, Stuart P. When Stealing Isnt Stealing. International Herald Tribune, 30 Mar, 2012, pp. 6, SIRS Issues Researcher. K, Katyal Sonia. Yale Journal of Law and Technology. N.p.: Yale Law School, 2005. Print. Lardner, James. The Empire Strikes Back. U.S.News World Report, Sep, 2000, pp. 54-56, SIRS Issues Researcher. Mathur, Swapnil. KickAss Torrents is Dead for Sure, but Online Piracy Will Continue. Financial Express, 23 Jul, 2016, SIRS Issues Researcher. Obama Administration Responds to we the People Petitions on SOPA.. WHITE HOUSE PRESS RELEASE, 14 Jan, 2012, SIRS Government Reporter. Peloso, Jennifer. Intellectual Property. New York: H.W. Wilson, 2003. Print. Robinson, Michael. Student Downloaders Beware. Macleans, Nov, 2016, SIRS Issues Researcher, https://sks.sirs.com. Sampat, Neel. Digital Piracy. Issues: Understanding Controversy and Society, ABC-CLIO, 2017, issues.abc-clio.com/Search/Display/1560147. Accessed 12 Feb. 2017. Spotting the Pirates. Economist, Aug, 2011, pp. 55, SIRS Issues Researcher, Stop Online Piracy Act (2011). Issues: Understanding Controversy and Society, ABC-CLIO, 2017, issues.abc-clio.com/Search/Display/1688414. Accessed 12 Feb. 2017. Wortham, Jenna. Readers Debate Online Piracy and the Future of Digital Entertainment. The New York Times. The New York Times, 29 Sept. 2014. Web. 12 Feb. 2017.

Rose For Emily :: essays research papers

A Rose for Emily By: none (William Faulkner) In times of distress, trauma and uncertainly, many people find a comfort in familiar surroundings, where they can close out the world and relax. This was certainly Emily’s way of handling her trauma. All her life Emily tried to escape from change. Even the posting of the new mailbox was unacceptable for her. She acted as though nothing around her had changed her entire life. Even though death and loss affected her, she seemed to try to avoid thinking about it. Emily is unable to balance her traditions in modern times. But, the roots of her tragedy lay in the fact, that neither can the people who surround her in the town. In the story, Faulkner presents us with a sad tale of a lonely woman, who is only met with disappointment and grief in her search for love. Emily was a lonely woman. Miss Emily came from a powerful family. She had experienced a controlling love from her father. That love only demanded that she abide by his rules an d his expectation of her in his lifetime. Her suitors were all sent away by her father. After failing to marry, she lost the only person who was her family, her father. After her father died, she met Homer Barron, a Yankee, who was in the construction business in the town. Finally she had someone to love. They dated and possibly were happy with each other, but the traditions, customs and prejudices of the South doomed this affair to end. She could not allow this. Emily could not have lived with Homer, but she could not loose him, her only love. So she poisoned him with arsenic. She needed someone to love her eternally, and someone to love. She did not have any family members to love and nurture, to turn to for love or support. The few family members she had thought she was crazy, but actually they were even more proud of their position in the society. They prohibited her relationship with Homer. They pushed her to do what she did. The town, the family, all the people were against he r love. She could not have Homer alive. This is why she killed him. This way he was hers, only hers, forever: â€Å"Then we noticed that in the second pillow was an indentation of a head.

Sardar vallabhai patel

Jhaverbhai Patel was born at his maternal uncle's house in Nadiad, Gujarat. His actual date of birth was never officially recorded – Patel entered October 31st as his date of birth on his matriculation examination papers. He was the fourth son of Jhaverbhai and Ladba Patel, and lived in the village of Karamsad, in the Kheda district. Somabhai, Narsibhai and Vithalbhai Patel (also a future political leader) were his elder brothers. He had a younger brother, Kashibhai, and a sister, Dahiba.Patel elped his father in the fields, and bimonthly kept a day-long fast, abstaining from food and water – a cultural observance that enabled him to develop physical tougheness. He entered school late – parental attention was focused on the eldest brothers, thus leading to a degree of neglect of Patel's education. Patel travelled to attend schools in Nadiad, Petlad and Borsad, living self-sufficiently with other boys. He took his matriculation at the late age of 22; at this point , he was generally regarded by his elder relatives as an unambitious man destined for a commonplace job.But Patel himself harbored a plan – he would pass the Pleader's examination and become a lawyer. He would then set aside funds, travel to England, then train to become a barrister. During the many years it took him to save money, Vallabhbhai – now a pleader – earned a reputation as a fierce and skilled lawyer. He had also cultivated a stoic character – he lanced a painful boil without hesitation, even as the barber supposed to do it trembled. Patel spent years away from his family, pursuing his goals assiduously. Later, Patel fetched Jhaverba from her parent's home – Patel as married to Jhaverba at a young age.As per Indian custom at the time, the girl would remain at her mother's house until her husband began earning – and set up his household. His wife bore him a daughter, Manibehn, in 1904, and later a son, Dahyabhai, in 1906. Patel als o cared for a personal friend suffering from Bubonic plague when it swept the state. After Patel himself came down with the disease, he immediately sent away his family to safety, left his home, and moved into an isolated house in Nadiad (by other accounts, Patel spent this time in a dilapidated temple); here, he recovered slowly.Patel took on the financial burdens of his homestead in Karamsad even while saving for England and supporting a young family. He made way for his brother Vithalbhai Patel to travel to England in place of him, on his own saved money and opportunity. The episode occurred as the tickets and pass Patel had applied for arrived in the name of â€Å"V. J. Patel,† and arrived at Vithalbhai's home, who bore the same initials. Patel did not hesitate to make way for his elder brother's ambition before his own, and funded his trip as well.In 1909, Patel's wife Jhaverba was hospitalized in Bombay to undergo a major surgical operation for cancer. Her health sudden ly worsened, and despite successful emergency surgery, she died. Patel was given a note informing him of his wife's demise as he was cross-examining a witness in court. As per others who witnessed, Patel read the note, pocketed it and continued to intensely cross-examine the witness, and won the case. He broke the news to others only after the proceedings had ended. Patel himself decided against marrying again.He raised his children with the help of his family, and sent them to England and enrolled at the Middle Temple Inn in London. Finishing a 36-month course in 30 months, Patel topped his class despite having no previous college background. Patel settled in the city of Ahmedabad, and became one of the citys most successful barristers. Wearing European-style clothes and urbane mannerisms, he also became a skilled bridge player at the Gujarat Club. His close friends would include his neighbours Dr. Balwantray and Nandubehn Kanuga, who would remain ear to him, and a young lawyer, Ga nesh Vasudev Mavlankar.He had also made a pact with his brother Vithalbhai to support his entry into politics in Bombay, while Patel himself would remain in Ahmedabad and provide for the family. According to some of Patel's friends, he nurtured ambitions to expand his practise and accumulate great wealth, and to provide his children with modern education. Vallabhbhai Patel was a major political and social leader of India and its struggle for independence, and is credited for achieving the political integration of independent India. In India nd across the world, he is known as Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel, where Sardar stands for Chief in many languages of India.Patel organized the peasants of Kheda, Borsad, and Bardoli in Gujarat in non-violent civil disobedience against the oppressive policies imposed by the British Raj – becoming one of the most influential leaders in Gujarat. He rose to the leadership of the Indian National Congress and at the forefront of rebellions and polit ical events – organizing the party for elections in 1934 and 1937, and leading Indians into the Quit India movement. He was imprisoned by he British government on numerous occasions, especially from 1931 to 1934, and from 1942 to 1945.Becoming the first Home Minister and Deputy Prime Minister of India, Patel organized relief and rehabilitation efforts in the riot-struck Punjab and Delhi, and led efforts to restore security. Patel took charge of the task to forge a united India from a plethora of semi-independent princely states, colonial provinces and possessions. Patel employed an iron fist in a velvet glove diplomacy – frank political negotiations backed with the option (and the use) of military action to weld a ation that could emancipate its people without the prospect of divisions or civil conflict.His leadership obtained the peaceful and swift integration of all 565 princely states into the Republic of India. Patel's initiatives spread democracy extensively acros s India, and re-organized the states to help transform India into a modern federal republic. His admirers call him the Iron Man of India. He is also remembered as the â€Å"patron saint† of India's civil servants for his defence of them against political attack, and for being one of the earliest and key defenders of property rights and free nterprise in independent India.On 29 March 1949, a plane carrying Patel and the Maharaja of Patiala lost radio contact, and Patel's life was feared for all over the nation. The plane had made an emergency landing in the desert of Rajasthan upon an engine failure, and Patel and all passengers were safe, and traced by nearby villagers. When Patel returned to Delhi, members of Parliament and thousands of Congressmen gave him a raucous welcome. In Parliament, MPs gave a thunderous ovation to Patel – stopping proceedings for half an hour.

Article review of A Question of Balance essays

Article review of A Question of Balance essays This review is of the article A question of balance from the April 2004 volume of National Geographic. In the Hukawng Valley of northern Myanmar (what used to be called Burma), a large wildlife sanctuary was created in an uninhabited section of the valley. Now the wildlife sanctuary is being considered for expansion to become the worlds largest tiger reserve. In an earlier time, this plan may not have faced so many challenges. In the years following World War Two, the bridges leading into the valley were destroyed by nature as well as the Kachin Independence Army (KIA) who sought to keep out the central government. Now, decades later, the bridges into the Hukawng Valley are being rebuilt. Because of this, tens of thousands of people are moving into the area. They come in search of gold and wildlife for profit. The gold in the Hukawng valley has remained largely untouched for years. Because of this, people are going to great lengths just to find small amounts of it. A small amount of gold can easily equal a months pay or more. It is the methods used to extract the gold from the soil that worries environmentalists. The miners start by using high pressure water to blast a hole into the ground. The hole becomes larger and the soil is turned into sludge. Cyanide and mercury are then used to help pull the gold from the sludge. For all of the work that is involved, little gold is retrieved and the environment pays the price. The nearby streams and the ground water is damaged by the poisonous chemicals, any animals drinking water from these sources will most likely be killed. Another problem presented by the gold mining is the large increase of people in the area. There are now thousands of people living in areas were only a hundred lived before. The increase in people means a major drain on the local resources. One of those resources is the wildlife in the area. The tigers in the area must ...

Nafta and Mercosur essays

Nafta and Mercosur essays While still in office, President Bill Clinton emerged from a meeting with 33 Western Hemisphere leaders and made an ambitious pledge. By 2005, he promised, a ''Free Trade Area of the Americas would stretch from Alaska to Argentina'' and ''will be the world's largest market.'' He had the idea of combining all trading blocks and emerging as one huge western connection. The question now remains, should the new President strive to accomplish the goal of Clinton? Would the combination of the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) and the South American Common Market (MERCOSUR) be a good idea, or even possible? Would it be in our best interests to link ourselves in contract with not only Canada and Mexico but Brazil, Argentina, Paraguay and Uruguay as well? The answer is definitely yes. As it is now, NAFTA is starting to fail in many peoples eyes. Though it has brought success to some, it has caused distress for most. The inclusion of the South American countries and the MERCOSUR ways could only make the United States more successful economically. To understand why things need to change in order to better our economy we must first know the background information. On January 1st, 1994, the North American Free Trade Agreement went into effect, creating the worlds largest free trade area. Among the main objectives is the liberalization of trade between Canada, Mexico and the United States, to stimulate economic growth and give the NAFTA countries equal access to each others markets. Some of the promised benefits were 200,000 new U.S. jobs from NAFTA per year, higher wages in Mexico, a growing U.S. trade surplus with Mexico, environmental clean-up and improved health along the border. The most important feature of NAFTA that would benefit the people is employment and the promise that NAFTA would create hundreds of thousands of new, high paying jobs. There was also a promise that wages in Mexico would increase due t...

Reflection Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 6

Reflection - Essay Example From this discussion it is clear that  as a health care provider, having spirituality assists in enhancing the confidence of the patients through meditation and prayer, which gives them, hope of healing and quick recovery. The spirituality aspect enhances the patient’s belief that the medication they are undergoing is going to be effective in curing them. It also serves to enable the health care provider, be in a position to offer pastoral counseling to the patients, which boosts their spirit and comforts them amidst their sad and lonely feeling. Being spiritual goes a long way to ensure that patients understand the connection between life and death, affording patients comfort even when they are on the verge of passing on, by making them accept death as a part of transition.  This paper discusses that the difference in dealing with acute and chronic patients spirituality is that while the acute patient’s spirituality is pointed towards accepting the fate of death, t he chronic patient’s spirituality is pointed towards giving them confidence that medication is going to restore their health. The need for spirituality in children and families is to enhance their acceptance of illnesses and find meaning in them, while evoking for their compassion and forgiveness towards each other. The reporter's vision of the role of a spiritual provider in patients spiritual needs have been changed to point to the direction of religious intercession.

Compare and contrast Confucianism, Daoism, and Shinto Essay

Compare and contrast Confucianism, Daoism, and Shinto - Essay Example etween them, namely a specific understanding of human nature and the characteristics of its relationship with the divine law either through the human mind (Confucianism) or by means of mystical knowledge (Daoism and Shinto). Confucians believed that the true essence of people is humanity or â€Å"jen† (Fisher 209). Self-cultivation was understood as the development of a â€Å"humane† beginning and the suppression of wild and evil factors. By the time of the emergence of Daoism, Confucianism was the official doctrine and the basis of the state structure. The ideal of Confucianism was presented by a notion of a â€Å"noble man,† the carrier of Confucian consciousness responsible for the harmony between Heaven and human nature. His virtues were seen in self-control, justice, reverence for elders, and social responsibility. His goal was public service since in Confucian ethics person is subject to the society (210). Confucian culture is elitist, since the main area of its distribution was presented by noble people (mainly officials engaged in the administration of the state). As a result, this led to a desire to govern all possible spheres of human life. These changes were achieved by l imiting the undesirable factors, mainly through the assimilation of norms of behavior and control (first external and then internal). The main virtue of a noble man was considered a permanent control over his/her own mental sphere and preservation of self-control. In this regards, introspection was designed to detect human failings. In turn, Daoism, also condemning human passions, understands the true human nature in its close connection with the cosmic principle that embodies universal laws of nature. The supreme goal of Daoism is the detection and the actualization of the â€Å"true principles† in man and complete submission to them. Man needs should seek to merge with the divine Dao, â€Å"a mystical reality that cannot be grasped by the mind† (195). There was initially no question of