Pre Post Marketing Analysis - 995 Words

Pre Post-Marketing Pharmacovigilance Reporting in the US: A Comparison of Adverse Event Reporting in Pre- and Post-Marketing Clinical Studies and Post-Marketing Spontaneous Reports When a drug is finally brought to the market, it usually has gone through three clinical trial phases in humans, including Phase 1, 2 and 3 clinical studies. Some drugs may be required to conduct a Phase 4 or post-marketing study after its approval in order to gather additional information about a product’s safety, efficacy or optimal use. Adverse events can occur in any of the clinical study phases (pre- or post-marketing), or when it has been marketed to the public after the drug’s approval. A pharmaceutical company (sponsor) or its delegated Contract†¦show more content†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¢ Quality Control: An alternate Drug Safety colleague performs quality control (QC) to verify the report for accuracy, clarity, consistency, and completeness of data entered in the safety database by comparing the source documents against the data entered into the safety database. †¢ Medical Review A Medical Reviewer (physician) assess cases for medical aspects, which includes verifying adverse event coding, causality assessment, confirming event seriousness and expectedness, reviewing narratives, providing comments and requests for follow-up with the reporter. †¢ Follow-up or Queries Queries are sent to the reporters for details of the adverse event and additional follow-up information which may add to the completed and clinical significance of the report. ïÆ'Ëœ Different Requirements for Adverse Event Reporting in Pre- and Post-Marketing Clinical Studies, and Post-Marketing Spontaneous cases: Although many steps of collecting adverse events reported in clinical studies and in the post-marketing setting are the same, there are some different requirements, which are summarized in the table below. Phase 1-3 Clinical Trials Post-Marketing Clinical Trials or Phase 4 Clinical Trials Post-Marketing Spontaneous Event Reporting (outside of a clinical trial) Database used to Enter Event Information †¢ Clinical Database †¢ Safety Database †¢ Clinical Database †¢ Safety Database †¢ Safety Database Only (collectedShow MoreRelatedDifferent Yardsticks1146 Words   |  5 Pagesdifferent yardsticks for evaluating trial experience and post-purchase consumption experience? – A review of online chatter Purpose: This exploratory study is an attempt to understand whether consumers use different yardsticks to evaluate product trial experience and post-purchase consumption experience. Design/methodology/approach (mandatory): The researchers make use case methodology in the motion picture industry. The pre-release and post-release reception of two Indian feature films, Queen andRead MoreBroomstick1120 Words   |  5 Pageshighlights of interviews with at least five KOLs (key opinion leaders) or resource persons. III. Situation Analysis Industry Analysis Describes the needs of the business and the customers, major trends affecting the industry, significant and important companies, industry size (growing, declining, etc), and other relevant industry facts and insights SWOT Analysis A SWOT analysis of the business environment can be performed by organizing the environmental factors as follows: The firm sRead MoreCase Study Report on Achieve Logic737 Words   |  3 Pagesby calculating the pre- and post money valuation, then the cash flow projections, and we finished by calculating, the expected return on equity and the final equity value. To facilitate the calculation of this value, our team made some assumptions that we will explain and justify all along that report. ANALYSIS A. 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Since the mechanism of commission in PPLS is different from other multilevel marketing companies, they might doubt why they receive their commission and the company requests them to return it when the contract cancellation. To some extent, PPLS should let their associates well-understanding the commission system. 2. Base on the post-1995 commission formula and information in the case on pricing and commission rates, calculate the cash inflows for premiumsRead MoreAfro Caribbean Restaurant s Secondary Target Market1564 Words   |  7 Pagescoupons for visiting the Afro-Caribbean restaurant. These behaviours have been spotted and targeted since they evidenced interest which may be motivated and otherwise encouraged. Behavioural segmentation is a principal tool for targeting online marketing content, as individuals’ social sharing may be scraped and aggregated into behavioural profiles. The only issue with behavioural targeting is that it is solely a corollary for internal needs alone as it is not an important prediction of future behaviourRead MoreThe Impact Of Experiential Marketing On Attracting Consumers Essay1734 Words   |  7 PagesThe impact of experiential marketing in attracting consumers The Modern development of marketing theory is characterised as one of the main elements of the marketing mix. Many companies all around the world are trying to adapt to an advertising brand strategy that reacts that is based on human nature, namely, basic psychological needs, desires and, in particular, human behaviour. Not so long ago a new direction in the science of marketing appeared. Experiential marketing focuses on stimulating consumers’Read MoreProduct Recommendations For A Clinical Trials1587 Words   |  7 Pagesresidents are diaper users. ââ€"  Recommended UriCap prices result in a total cost of care that is essentially equal to that of catheters being used in nursing homes. ââ€"  Added benefit of increased patient comfort, which was not used in the economic values analysis but which customers stated they were willing to pay for, must be marketed before the product is taken to other service sites (hospitals). ââ€"  Recommended pricing for the UriCap-F, $121.60/mo, allows for a 100% markup both to distributors and fromRead MoreThe Case Of Lego : Change Of Strategy1171 Words   |  5 Pagesproducts that had given the company success, were forgotten. For that reason, the new strategy was based to revive those ‘core products’ and bring with them back the values that their founders set at the beginning (Breen 2013). (See Appendix 2) 2.2 MARKETING MIX -PRODUCT Lego has many diversified products, but the base of all of them are the plastic Bricks, which actually makes the company successful as the result of the possibility of rebuilt the structures many times. In addition, every brick hasRead MoreStrategic Elements of Product Development1620 Words   |  7 Pagesspinouts of the current business operation, latest products suggestions, modification in marketing plan, alteration of resource and the demand in the marketplace (Crawford Di Benedetto, 2011). In order to yield these opportunities, three main streams of activity are functioned as guidance to the company. The three main streams are ongoing marketing planning, ongoing corporate planning and special opportunity analysis. From these three activities, opportunities such as an underutilised resource, new resource

Opening Of An Online Indian Clothing Store Essay - 2975 Words

OPENING OF AN ONLINE INDIAN CLOTHING STORE ASSESSMENT 2 RESEARCH REPORT MAPM8.600 SPECIAL TOPIC KAY FIELDEN SUBMITTED BY- ARVINDER SINGH 2015001782 TABLE OF CONTENTS PAGE ABSTRACT 3 – 4 METHODOLOGY USED 4 – 21 LITERATURE REVIEW 21 – 23 CONCLUSION 23 – 24 REFERENCES 24 - 25 ABSTRACT PURPOSE The main purpose of Opening of an Online Indian Clothing store is that many Indian people are residing here temporary or permanently here in Auckland. So the business person can help the Indian people by providing them with the authentic clothes in the Indian style. The clothing covers all designs of clothes for all gender and age of people (above 10 years of age). The clothing style includes traditional clothing, formal, casual, and many more designs. METHODOLOGY Comprehend the general circumstance of important commercial ventures and get deals and showcasing measurements through talking specialists, makers and channels of this industry profoundly. Relevant financial measurements. Public data about the industry.Show MoreRelatedMarketing Plan For Marks Spencer Clothing1546 Words   |  7 PagesChief Executive of Marks and Spencer From: Muhammad Azeem Khan , Student ID 2280119 Title: Marketing plan for Marks Spencer clothing Introduction: Marks Spencer was constituted in 1884, as vendor stall in the streets of Leeds. It is a public limited company, which listed on the London stock exchange. It is a major British Multinational retailer. It produces clothing, home products and food items. The market share of Marks Spencer is 10.4% in 2015 and over the years it has decreased becauseRead MoreBharti Walmart 5 Forces1281 Words   |  6 PagesQ1. Analyze the retail scenario in India in terms of Porter’s Five Forces and investigate the growth across different segments of retailing. Ans: Indian Retail Scenario in terms of Porter Five Forces Porter in 1974 has given â€Å"Five Forces† model to assess the industry environment. 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ByArushi Jaiswal 10050221022 Contents Indian Retail Sector Pune Retail Scenario Forever New Introduction Forever New in India STP Marketing Mix Forever New Pune Brand Portfolio Competitive Analysis SWOT Analysis Data Analysis and Interpretation Recommendations and Conclusion Growth Opportunities References and Bibliography Indian Retail Sector India is one of theRead MoreForever New Case Study4751 Words   |  20 Pagesprofile, positioning, assortment strategy, store layout, marketing strategy vis a vis closest competitors. Brand Chosen: Forever New. ByArushi Jaiswal 10050221022 Contents Indian Retail Sector Pune Retail Scenario Forever New Introduction Forever New in India STP Marketing Mix Forever New Pune Brand Portfolio Competitive Analysis SWOT Analysis Data Analysis and Interpretation Recommendations and Conclusion Growth Opportunities References and Bibliography Indian Retail Sector India is one of the mostRead MoreSituation Analysis of International Marketing Environment (Marks and Spencer in Spain)3529 Words   |  15 PagesFindings MS is an international company, which spreads through Europe, North America and Asia, it sales clothing, footwear, gifts, house appliances, and food. At Present Marks and Spencer has over 450 stores located throughout the UK, this includes the largest store at Marble Arch, London. (corporate.marksandspencer.com/?intid=gft_company, 2010) In addition, the Company has 150 stores worldwide, including over 130 franchise businesses, operating in 30 countries. (Ibid) On the background of

Zappos.Com †Developing a Supply Chain to Deliver Wow! Essay Sample free essay sample

Zappos. com provides extended online merchandises. delicate call-center service. free and rapid bringing. and at the same clip. it keeps optimising its operational theoretical account. However. with the drawn-out recession. the company’s borders are diminishing. and it now has to seek a solution to maximise its net income. External Analysis ( Please see Appendix 1. SWOT Table. pg5 ) Both U. S. and international markets remained unsaturated. in malice of Zappos’ rapid enlargement. It is still really assuring for on-line retailors to spread out its client base. Besides. the facts of customers’ progressively desire to entree a immense choice of merchandise offerings and customers’ turning amenitiess with on-line shopping make the Internet go a critical distribution channel. Consequently. more and more high-end trade names are eager to spouse with on-line retailors such as Zappos. But. with the prostration of the fiscal markets and economic lag. clients are more cost-conscious and have higher outlooks for the services—they are much more hard to be delighted. Meanwhile. in such a bad economic clip. labour-intensive activities might finally go unaffordable. As to the international market. concern enlargement faces a batch of challenges. such as high cost of operation and civilization struggles. Internal Analysis ( Please see Appendix 1. SWOT Table. pg5 ) Zappos’ merriment and customer-oriented civilization. together with its passionate employees and extended merchandise offerings online. brings the company a happy and loyal client base. even in Canada. Besides. as the company’s employees are consistently trained. their outstanding services could ever do the clients amazed. hence. the company has successfully built its trade name equity through positive word of oral cavity and its clients keep coming back ( 75 % repetition clients in 2008 ) . Furthermore. Zappos closely tracks client behaviour informations to derive client penetrations. therefore. it quickly grows to the world’s largest online places retail merchant. One of the challenges confronting Zappos is missing of capital. Limited budgets make its labour-intensive activities and high-standard bringing become more and more unaffordable. The growing rate is besides bit by bit decelerating. Besides. harmonizing to the Income Statement. Zappos has the lowest operating income per centum ( 3. 4 % ) . compared with other on-line rivals. This indicates that company’s operational theoretical account remains inefficient. including both inbound and outbound cargo cargos. for illustration. cargos from single providers ensuing in larger-than-necessary figure of trucks. every bit good as the economic inefficiency of transporting partly full trucks. In add-on. its client base is merely 3 % of the US population. Options 1. Expand Zappos’ concern in foreign states such as Canada to turn gross revenues. * Advantages:* Already has a passionate client base in Canada. which is possible for Zappos to retroflex its service theoretical account and addition more gross revenues. * Business enlargement could assist work out the extra stock list. as the figure of clients is turning. * Disadvantages: * It would necessitate clip and budget negotiating Canadian distribution understandings with many trade names in order to accomplish significant volume. * Customer service would go more complicated. Fail to pull off different cultural issues would thin Zappos’ trade name equity. 2. Cut service cost such as stop following twenty-four hours air cargo to maximise net income. * Advantages: * Savingss could be tremendous. if the company decided to endorse off from the guaranteed next-day bringing for all orders. Equally long as it remains free return service. the company would non lose its cost-conscious. * Zappos’ labour-intensive services are more and more unaffordable. due to its capital insufficient. Cut the service work force could salvage a batch. * Disadvantages: * Inconsistent services might ensue in negative word of oral cavity and diluted trade name image. * Would be far less competitory than the brick-and-mortar shop. as Zappos fails to convey clients the instant satisfaction. 3. Better the inefficient supply concatenation to salvage cost. andregistering for IPO every bit good. * Advantages: * Streamlined supply concatenation could assist cut down unneeded costs. * IPO could be an effectual manner to bring forth the capital to fund the company’s hereafter development. clairvoyance. keep high quality of service. * Disadvantages: * Streamlined supply concatenation require a batch of clip and attempts negociating with channel members. * The cost of following with regulative demands can be really high for little companies to register an IPO. Recommendation I think Zappos should better its supply concatenation to salvage unneeded costs and so file for IPO to bring forth the capital needed to spread out. The first option is appealing. but it requires even more workforce and budget to research the foreign country’s market and construct its ain distribution centre and name centre to supply great service. Given a immense untapped client base in domestic market. it is unnecessarily for Zappos to spread out its current concern into international market. The 2nd option could salvage important sum of money. but it might ache the company’s trade name equity. As clients are besides become more and more demanding. discounted service would likely do Zappos lose its nucleus competences. and finally its clients. The 3rd pick is applicable. I think. for it could broaden the beginnings of income and conserve on outgos. assisting Zappos remain competitory while maximise its net income. To streamline its supply concatenation. Zappos could c ollaborate with channel spouses to construct a quickly updated online system. through which all of its supply web members. could portion the order and stock list information. Since Zappos is the largest on-line retail merchant and more high-end trade names are eager to spouse with the company. it could bear down for members fall ining. and constructing the online system together. Through the system. even the makers in China could transport the merchandises to Zappos distribution centre or straight to the client who placed the order. As for traveling public. the fiscal benefit in the signifier of raising capital is the most distinguishable advantage. since Zappos has ever been intensely witting of financess. Another advantage is an increased public consciousness. because IPOs frequently generate promotion by doing their merchandises known to a new group of possible clients. Of class. file for IPO is non without hazard. The direction squad should be cognizant of profit-oriented venture capitalists. and it should non make any questionable patterns to hike net incomes. In malice of high cost of registering IPO. it is still an effectual manner for little compa nies’ farther growing. Decision Zappos’ success origins from its proficiency in experiential selling: employees’ enthusiasms and customers’ strong emotional connexions. The company should neer salvage its cost at the disbursal of service. In such a cost-conscious environment. the company must seek for efficient supply concatenation to lower cost and insist on happening new ways to function more demanding clients. and finally take to the maximized net incomes. Appendix 1. SWOT Table Strengths * Strong civilization and values * Engaged and passionate employees * Exceptional service and extended merchandise offerings * A happy and loyal client base * High keeping rate * The largest online places retailer * Rapid growing * Understand client behaviour * Having 1000s of purchasers measuring the inventory| Weaknesses * Lack of capital * Low runing income per centum * Inefficient inbound and outbound cargo * Labor-intensive * High cost of bringing * Gradually slow growing rate * Relatively little client base | Opportunities * Unsaturation in both domestic and international markets for the on-line retail merchants * Customers eager to entree a immense choice of manners. colourss and sizes * Consumers become comfy purchasing online * Internet could make big subdivisions of the population and supply elaborate information immensely * High-end trade names are eager to spouse with on-line retail merchants in perpendicular sites| Threats * Collapse of the fiscal markets and e conomic lag * Customers are more cost-conscious * Customers’ progressively high outlooks to serve * Labors become more unaffordable * High cost of spread outing concern out of the US market * Culture conflicts occur during enlargement in foreign markets * Brick-and-mortar store’s blink of an eye satisfaction

Healthcare theory of Kohlberg-Free-Samples-Myassignmenthelp.com

Question: Evaluate the Influence of Kohlbeg's Theory of Moral Development. Answer: The essay aims to evaluate the influence of Kohlbergs theory of moral development in healthcare practice. Relationship between an occupation and relevant ethical reasoning has been a subject of extensive study in recent times, a more so in the field of healthcare as nurses and doctors frequently face moral and ethical problems in their profession. Following the framework of Piagets model of cognitive thinking Kohlberg devised a theory of moral development having three high-order levels, each subdivided into two stages. The three high-order stages comprised of Pre-conventional level, Conventional level and Post-conventional level or principled level, each represents fundamental shift in an individual perception of morality (Gibbs, 2013). His theory concluded that a persons modal development largely interacted with social situations and conventions. A person tends to change their perception of morality when faced with challenging situation or situations that strongly oppose their already existing moral beliefs. He postulated that movement through the levels of moral reasoning were universal and strictly sequential. The pre-conventional stage reflects an egocentric perspective. In the next level the moral perspective shift from self to ideas accepted by a group or community and lastly the post conventional level includes thinking beyond both self and society. The healthcare professionals mostly operate in levels IV and V which are social order-maintaining stage and social-contract orientation respectively (Prescott, Becket Wilson, 2014). In health care studies have found moral differences based on gender as well as type of profession. Such as doctors are found to be more inclined towards justice perspective while nurses towards care perspective. These differences are often attributed to factors such as gender and established standards. It is evident that healthcare professionals belong to particular stages of Kohlbergs theory of moral development. Any deviation from the accepted standards may reflect lack of effective care which is highly undesirable, particularly in this field of profession. References Gibbs, J. C. (2013).Moral development and reality: Beyond the theories of Kohlberg, Hoffman, and Haidt. Oxford University Press. Prescott, J., Becket, G., Wilson, S. E. (2014). Moral development of first-year pharmacy students in the United Kingdom.American journal of pharmaceutical education,78(2), 36.